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2010 Practice Final
Practice cue cards
48
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/06/2011

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Cards

Term
What process occurs in meiosis but not mitosis?
Definition
the pairing of homologs
Term
what is the advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy?
Definition
light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells
Term

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

a. mitochondrion

b. ribosome

c. nuclear envelope

d. chlorplast

e. ER

Definition
Ribosomes
Term
What structure is common in both plant and animal cells
Definition
mitochondrion
Term

The reactions of the Calvin Cycle require which of the following?

A. carbon dioxide B. ATP C. glucose D. Ribulose bis-phosphate E. NADPH

Definition
CO2, ATP, Ribose bis-phosphate and NADPH but NOT glucose 
Term
How does ATP energize a cellular process?
Definition
by coupling free energy released by ATP hydrolysis to free energy needed by other reactions.
Term
What nitrogenous bases are purines, which are pyrimidines ?
Definition

purines - adenine and guanine 

pyrimidines - cytosine and thymine or uracil

Term
What happens to water in photosynthesis?
Definition

To be split, with the release of O2, electrons and H+ ions

Term
What processes does the development of a single fertilized cell into an adult multicellular animal include?
Definition

Mitosis

Apoptosis

Differentiatoin

Pattern Formation

 

NOT MEIOSIS 

Term

Which term includes all others in the list?

a. protein

b. nucleic acid

c. macromolecule

d. RNA e. starch

Definition
Macromolecule!!!!! wooo
Term
In a eukaryote, the amount of protein made from a gene depends on what?
Definition

The extent and nature of histone modification

The presence of transcription factors for that gene

the degree of DNA methylation

The export of spliced mRNA from the nucleus

 

 

 

Term

Which term includes all others in the list?

a. steroid hormone

b. triglyceride

c. lipid

d. phospholipids

e. unsaturated fat

Definition
a lipid, Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
Term
If a 2-cell embryo is separated into two, what will happen?
Definition
the two cells will form two identical embryos
Term
If DNA were hydrolysed by an enzyme that breaks the covalent bonds between the component monomers, what would happen? 
Definition

The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken 

Term
What type of group does the 5' end of a nucleic acid have?
Definition

a phosphate group

 

the 3' end has a hydroxyl group

Term
What increases cell membrane fluidity?
Definition
a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids
Term

Which of the following require energy, which do not?

a. facilitated diffusion

b. the sodium-potassium pump

c. active transport

d. co-transport

Definition

facilitated diffusion does not

 

the sodium-potassium pump, active transport, co-transport

Term
In a eukaryote, what does the amount of protein made from a gene depend on?
Definition

a. the extent and nature of histone modification.

b. the presence of transcription factors for that gene.

c. the degree of DNA methylation.

d. the export of spliced mRNA from the nucleus.

Term

If an animal cell were placed in a hypertonic solution it would...

Definition
shrivel 
Term
In a nucleosome, what is the DNA wrapped around?
Definition
histone proteins
Term

What is an example of a possible step in the post-transcription control of gene expression?

Definition
the removal of introns and the splicing together of exons
Term

The functioning of enhancers is an example of:

Definition
transcriptional control of gene expression 
Term
What are action potentials triggered by ?
Definition

depolarization that reaches the threshold 

Term

a. the addition of methyl groups to histone tails.

b. the binding of transcription factors to a promotor

c. the export of only correctly spliced mRNA molecules

d. the folding of DNA to form heterochromatin

e. the addition of methyl groups to DNA


are all examples of transcriptional control of gene expression EXCEPT

Definition
c. the export of only correctly spliced mRNA molecules
Term
Where are neurotransmitters located?
Definition
on the post-synaptic cell
Term
The codon UUU codes for phenylalanine in eukaryotes or prokaryotes, or both?
Definition
both! codons code the same thing in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Term

Which of the following is NOT true of RNA processing?


a. Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.

b. Nucleotides may be added at both ends of the RNA

c. Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing.

d. RNA splicing can be catalyzed by spliceosomes

e. A primary transcript is often much longer than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus.

Definition

a. Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.

 

 

introns are cut out

Term
the anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is complementary to what?
Definition
the corresponding mRNA codon
Term
In eukaryotic cells, what must occur before transcription can begin?
Definition
several transcription factors must bind to the promoter
Term
What usually starts up synthesis of a new DNA strand?
Definition
an RNA primer
Term

DNA replication is 

 

a. conservative

b. semi-conservative

c. dispersive

d. semi-conservative in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes

e. varies from species to species.

Definition
semi-conservative
Term
What proteins are involved in DNA replication?
Definition

primase, DNA polymerase, Ligase, single strand binding protein 

 

NOT RNA POLYMERASE

Term
Give two examples of Neurotransmitters.
Definition
acetylcholine, serotonin, neuropeptides are a category, glutamic acid
Term
A segment of DNA has a sequence of 5' TAGGGCCT3', what is it's complementary strand?
Definition
3' ATCCCGGT 5'
Term

Are the following involved in transcription, translation or replication.

1. ribosomes

2. DNA polymerase

3. RNA polymerase

4. Golgi bodies

5. Ligase

6. Transcription factor

Definition

1. translation

2. replication

3. transcription

4. NONE

5. Ligase

6. transcription

Term

[image]

 

Indicate which  letter responds to 

RNA polymerase

ribosome

mRNA

DNA

Definition
Term

Name whether the following are made by DNA or proteins.

1.Promoter (piece of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds)

2. Transcription factor (binds to promoter)

3. RNA polymerase (enzymes)

4. Enhancer

5. Repressor

6. Coding region

Definition

1. DNA

2. protein

3. protein

4. DNA

5. protein

6. DNA 

Term

12. An operon allows prokaryotes to regulate the production of all the enzymes in a metabolic pathway. This allows integrated control of metabolically related genes in prokaryotes. What aspect of operon structure allows the coordinated production of all enzymes in a metabolic pathway?

Definition

An operon consists of one promoter for multiple genes which creates a polysistronic message a message with more than one gene unit in it. 

Term

Protein always involved in the cytoskeleton 

Definition
actin
Term

Antigen-presenting protein on the surface of macrophages

Definition
MHC I
Term
Cell involved in cell-mediated arm of the immune system 
Definition
 T lymphocyte
Term

Antibody involved in secondary immune response 

 

Definition
IgG
Term

Region of an antigen that binds to an antibody

Definition
 Epitope
Term

Protein involved the innate immune system 

Definition
complement
Term

Cell involved in humoral arm of the immune system 

Definition
– B lymphocyte
Term

Antigen presenting protein on the surface of most cell types 

Definition
– MHC II
Term

Protein involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis

Definition
 antenna complex
Term

Antibody involved in primary immune response

Definition
IgM
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