Respect for free and informed consent

Respect for vulnerable persons (autonomy)

Respect for confidentiality and privacy

Respect for dignity

Respect for justice and inclusiveness

Balancing Harms and Benefits

Minimizing Harm

Maximizing benefit

What is involved in providing Informed Consent?

Participants should know: 

They are participating in a research project

The purpose of the research

The identity of the researcher

duration

nature of participation

descrition of procedures

description of harms and benefits

they have the right to withdraw at any time

When can Partial disclosure be used?

The risk to the subject is minimal

It does not affect the rights an welfar of the participant

Alternative methods have been ruled out

Participants are provided with full disclosure post. 

 Define Intuition

Suggest it's positive use

Accepting as true, our own judgement about behavious and the world

Can be usefull for finding information at the begining of a study

but does NOT always provide valid answers

What are the 5 main problems with Intuition?

Fundamental Attribution Error

When interpriting anothers behavious we tend to overestimate internal factors and underestimate situational factors

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to notice and rememeber information that is consistent with our beliefes while ignoring information that is contrary

Availability Heuristic

The tendency to judge the frequency of an event by how easily examples come to mind

Mood Effects

Hindsight Bias

The "I knew it along effect"

What are some benefits of the Scientific Method?

The Scientific Method

Insists that all ideas concerning behavious be subjected to an empical test

Helps us avoid biases when we are observing behavious so we can get valid info concerning behaviour

By gathering and evaluating information with an objective set of rules

What are the 4 essiantial components of the Scientific method?

a) accuracy - gathering and evaluating info. in as careful, precise, and error-free manner as possible

b) objectivity - obtaining and evaluating info. in a manner that is free from bias

c) skepticism - accepting findings as accurate only after they have been repeatedly verified by many different scientists

d) open-mindedness - willingness to change one’s views in the face of new evidence

The Scientific explanations for behaviours are:

Empirical - Based on objective and systematic observation

Rational - Follows the rules of logic and are consistent with known facts

Testable - placed under conditions in which they can be supported or refuted

Parsimonios - Have few assumptions when explaining behaviour

General - Account for a wide variety of behaviours

Explain a Theory

An organized set of principles that describes, predicts, and explains some phenomenon

Explain a Hypothesis

A specific, testable prediction; it is a tentative statement concerning the relationship between variables

What are some different types of relability?

Test-Retest - The extent to which a test yields consistent results over time

Split-Half - Total score on one half of the test is correlated with total on the other half of the test (two forms of the same)

Inter-Rater reliability - consistency across raters, when different raters obtain the same measurement of the same variable

What is Concurrant Validity?

Scores on measure and on criterion are collected at the same time

The measure should be able to distinguish between groups that it should theoretically be able to distinguish between

Overall reliability and validity

- if a measure is valid, it must be reliable

- if a measure is not reliable, it is not a valid

- a measure can be reliable but not valid

*Think Phrenology

The 7 types of validity are?