implementing strategies that put the right people in the right jobs in order to make the best use of employee talent and skills. 

i.e. Mitre10 - diff departments

when a leader works to fulfil the employees’ needs and goals as well as achieving the organisation’s mission.

i.e. Google - get "down time" to encourage innovation

hiring people with different qualities or people who belong to various cultural groups.

i.e. international airlines preferhiring people who are bilingual or  multicultural so that customers can relate/connect to staff

choosing the first alternative that meets the bare minimum of the decision criteria (settling on first option that works).

i.e. an office choosing a paper supplier that fits within their budget

• indirectly affecting layer of external enviro
• includes: political/legal, economic, international, sociocultural, technological and sometimes natural.

• improving organisation’s health and effectiveness 
• done by: environmental changes, internal relationships and problem solving capabilities

i.e. Starbucks uses recycled paper for their coffee cup sleeves

when members of a group all have the same train of thought just to avoid conflict or disagreement, usually influenced by a dominator/opinion leader.

i.e. the collapse of Swissair - they believed they were so invulnerable they were labelled "the flying bank" but soon after collapsed financially.

They use computer technology to communicate and collaborate with each other in order to complete projects and achieve common goals

i.e. General Electric (GE) have "centers of excellence" scattered across the world and so can enlist the best expertise from any loccation

involve the presence or absence of job dis-satisfiers i.e. working conditions, pay and company policy

i.e. Steve Jobs used to micromanage Apple when it was just starting out and the company did not do so well. He left for awhile to focus on some other projects and when he came back he removed the dis-satisfier of micromanagement and Apple became one of the top companies in the world.

the set of key values, beliefs, attitudes and norms that members of an organisation share.

i.e. Apple corporate culture is built on innovation, but executives push employees hard as they expect nothing less than the best.

power that stems from special knowledge, skill or information that leaders possess, specific to the tasks performed

i.e. Project Manager - an expert at solving particularly challenging problems andensures a project stays on track. 

the cognitive ability to see the organisation as a whole and the relationships among its parts.

i.e. a CEO setting the goals and objectives for and organisation for the next five years

the process of observing, evaluating and recording an employee’s performance and then providing feedback to the employee

i.e. at go2call.com (phone service) people are reviewed every two weeks.

the founders of the company were ranked among the 15 '2005 best bosses' due to their practices letting their workers know how they're doing and how to get better

a motivation theory based on the relationship between given behaviours and their consequences

i.e. the incentive of commision for sales-based workers

when everyone In the org is engaged in identifying and solving problems so that the org can continuously experiment, improve and increase capability

i.e. innovative companies such as Google, Apple that always want to move forward and so are less likely to take no for an answer (in repsonse to trying new things)

the four management functions

• planning (defining goals for future organisational performance and deciding on tasks / resources)
• organising (assigning, grouping, delegating and allocating across the organisation)
• leading (the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organisational goals) 
• controlling (monitoring employees activities, making sure the org is on track to achieving goals and making corrections where necessary). 

the process of initiating a business venture, organising necessary resources and assuming the associated risks and rewards

i.e. Bill Gates starting Microsoft

a first impression in which you generate misguided assumptions

i.e. interviews

layer of external enviro that directly influences the org’s operations and performance

includes: customers, competitors, suppliers & labour market

moving into a new line of business

i.e. Apple’s entry into the mobile phone business with the iPhone