Term
|
Definition
| over 200 but only 25 are found in proteins |
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Term
| What gives an AA it unique characteristics? |
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Definition
The R group
(most have the COOH and NH2 groups attached to the same C) |
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Term
|
Definition
L(evorotary)
(Natural occuring-CORN rule)
D(extorotary)
(Some in bacterial walls, produced during hydrolysis) |
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Term
|
Definition
Have and N-C-C backbone and will link to keep this pattern and releases an H2O
...
H-N-C-C-OH + H-C-C-OH
=
H-N-C-C-N-C-C-OH + H2O |
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Term
|
Definition
Essential Nutrient-required for normal body functioning, but either cannot be synthesized at all or cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities
obtained in diet |
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Term
|
Definition
| conditionally essentail-only required in certain physiological situations (lactation, etc.) |
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Term
|
Definition
(His)
Essential in all species
6 enzymes required for synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
(Ile)
Essential for all species
8 enzymes required for synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
(Leu)
Essential for all species
10 enzymes required for synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
(Lys)
Essential for all species
8 enzymes required |
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Term
|
Definition
(Met)
Essential for all species
5 enzymes required for synthesis
Cyst(e)ine (Cys) can by synthesized from it |
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Term
|
Definition
(Phe)
Essential for all species
11 enzymes required for synthesis
Tyrosine (Tyr) can be synthesized from it |
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Term
|
Definition
(Thr)
Essential for all species
6 enzymes required for synthesis
Last AA discovered 1930's by
U of I biochemist William C. Rose |
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Term
|
Definition
(Trp)
Essential for all species
13 enzymes required for synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
(Val)
Essential for all species
8 enzymes required for synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
(Arg)
Essential for Cats, Birds, and Fish
7 enzymes required
...
(ALSO Conditionally essential)
Semi-essential in rapidly growing mammals |
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Term
|
Definition
(Cys)
synthesized from essential AA Methionine (Met)
Conditionally/Non essential
2 enzymes required for synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
(Tyr)
Synthesized from essential AA Phenylalanine (Phe)
Conditionally essential |
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Term
|
Definition
(Gln)
Conditionally essential
Semi-Essential
in disease (immune system energy supply)
requires 1 enzyme for synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
(Pro)
Semi-essential in hens
3 enzymes required for synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
(Ala)
Non-essentail
1 enzyme required for synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
(Asn)
Non-essentail
1 enzyme required for synthesis
first AA discovered in 1806
from asparagus |
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Term
|
Definition
(Asp) Aspartic acid
Non-essential
1 enzyme required for synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
(Glu) Glutamic acid
Non-essential
1 enzyme required |
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Term
|
Definition
(Gly)
Non-essential
1 enzyme required for synthesis
Simplest of the AA |
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Term
|
Definition
(Ser)
Non-essential
3 enzymes required for synthesis |
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|
Term
| Generals for essential vs non-essential AA |
|
Definition
non-essentials tend to have fewer enzymes required for synthesis 1-3 for a total of 14
5-13 for a total of 82 for Essential
...
Bacteria and plants can synthesize all AA |
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Term
|
Definition
(N/A)
Essential in Cats
(in all cat/dog food now, free in the body not cooperated into a protein)
semi-essential in pigs |
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Term
|
Definition
Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
...
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
...
Histidine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine |
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