Term
| Authoritarian parenting style |
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Definition
| restrictive parenting; insist on obedience, rigid rules; no explanations and insensitivity. Preschoolers were moody; easily annoyed, unfriendly, less motivated |
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Term
| Authoritative parenting style |
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Definition
| : assume control with flexibility; reasonable demands; provide reasons for rules/decisions. Preschoolers were cheerful, socially responsible; achievement oriented and cooperative |
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Term
| Permissive parenting style |
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Definition
| : accepting and lax with few demands; little monitoring; few controls. Preschoolers were impulsive, aggressive, bossy self centered, low in independence and achievement |
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Term
| Uninvolved parenting style |
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Definition
| removed or hostile parenting; overwhelmed with own stressors have little time or energy to parent. Children high in aggression, temper tantrums, perform poorly in classroom. |
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Term
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Definition
Attachment Deprivation
Reared monkeys in isolation or with a surrogate mother
After 6 months sent back to colony
Isolated monkeys showed indifference, were terrified or were aggressive with other monkeys, failed to form relationships with opposite sex, were abusive to their offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid growth in height and weight as the body is preparing for hormonal shifts/maturation |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid growth in height and weight as the body is preparing for hormonal shifts/maturation |
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Term
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Definition
| certain body parts grow at different speeds leading to a lack of proportion |
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Term
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Definition
| final maturation of the prefrontal cortex takes place in late adolescence. This area is responsible for organization, planning, emotional regulation and impulse control. |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual functions reach maturity, impacts social and emotional development |
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Term
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Definition
| first occurrence of menstruation |
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Term
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Definition
| first occurrence of ejaculation |
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Term
| Early maturing males have |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| greater chance of depression, anxiety, eating disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| way of thinking the world is focused on themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that everyone in the environment is concerned with the behavior/appearance of him/herself |
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Term
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Definition
| view him/herself as somehow unique or heroic |
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Term
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Definition
| most conflict with parents occurs about chores and dress style than sex/drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| how to fit new information into the present system of knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| existing structures don’t fit so a child must develop new schemas |
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Term
| Jean Piaget and Cognitive Development |
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Definition
Individuals must progress through stages in a particular order, stages build on each other
Progress is strongly related to age
How a child thinks, including reasoning, remembering and problem solving |
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Term
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Definition
(birth-2 years)
Infants learn through concrete motor actions; by toughing, tasting and smelling
Accomplish object permanence (6 months)
Develop capacity for mental imagery
Organize information into categories |
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Term
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Definition
2-7 years
Gradually improve in mental images
Can pretend
Action oriented
Develop representational thought
Have not mastered conservation: basic properties of an object remain stable even if superficial properties change |
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Term
| Flaws of thinking in Preoperational Children: Centration |
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Definition
| focus on one aspect of a problem and neglect other aspects |
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Term
| Flaws of thinking in Preoperational Children Irreversibility |
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Definition
| inability to envision reversing an action |
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Term
| Flaws of thinking in Preoperational Children Egocentricism |
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Definition
| thinking characterized by a limited ability to share another person’s point of view |
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Term
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Definition
(7-11)
The child performs operations on tangible objects and events
Show increased flexibility in thinking
Can begin to see cause and effect
Masters reversibility and decentration
Can retrace thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
(12-up)
Begin to see abstract resoning
Understand metaphor and deductive reasoning
Become more systemative in thinking
Can discuss moral values |
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Term
| Theory of lifespan development |
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Definition
| Believes each stage involves a psychosocial crisis: a transition which is organized around social relationships and that personality is determined by these stages |
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Term
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Definition
(ages 4-7)
Rules are subject to another’s laws
What you are told is right or wrong
Rules are absolute and real |
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Term
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Definition
(7 years and up)
One is subject to his/her own law
Things aren’t all right or wrong
A child can consider intentionality |
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Term
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Definition
| Heinz dilemma is that his wife was dying and a drug seller was selling the drug for 10x the normal amount but Heinz couldn’t get enough money to buy the drug so he steals it |
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Term
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Definition
| basic information processing skills, is more likely to decline with age |
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Term
| Crystallized Intelligence |
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Definition
| application of accumulated knowledge remains more stable |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintaining a sense of control over one’s life leads to greater psychological well-being in the elderly |
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Term
| Ways to promote Healthy Aging |
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Definition
Promote companionship
Take vitamin supplements
Stay active physically and intellectually |
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Term
| Stage 1 Trust versus mistrust |
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Definition
Is my world predictable and supportive?
1 |
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Term
| Stage 2 Autonomy versus shame and doubt |
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Definition
Can i do things myself or must I always rely on others?
2-3 |
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Term
| Stage 3 Initiative versus guilt |
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Definition
Am i good or am i bad?
4-6 |
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Term
| Stage 4 Industry versus inferiority |
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Definition
Am i competent or am i worthless
6-puberty |
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Term
| Stage 5 Identity versus confusion |
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Definition
Who am i and where am i going?
Adolescence |
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Term
| Stage 6 Intimacy versus isolation |
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Definition
Shall i share my life with another or live alone?
Early Adulthood |
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Term
| Stage 7 Generativity versus self-absorbtion |
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Definition
Will i produce something of real value?
Middle adulthood |
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Term
| Stage 8 Integrity versus despair |
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Definition
Have i lived a full life?
Late adulthood |
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Term
| Stage 1 Punishment Orientation |
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Definition
Right and wrong is determined by what is punished
preconventional level |
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Term
| Stage 2 Naive reward orientation |
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Definition
Right and wrong is determined by what is rewarded
Preconventional level |
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Term
| Stage 3 Good boy/good girl orientation |
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Definition
Right and wrong is determined by close others' approval or disapproval
conventional level |
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Term
| stage 4 authority orientation |
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Definition
right and wrong is determined by society's rules and laws, which should be obeyed rigidly
conventional level |
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Term
| Stage 5 social contract orientation |
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Definition
right and wrong is determined by society's rules which are viewed as fallible rather than absolute
postconventional level |
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Term
| stage 6 individual principles and conscience orientation |
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Definition
right and wrong is determined by abstract ethical principles that emphasize equity and justice
postconventional level |
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