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The ladder analogy is useful for explaining its structure
A DNA molecule is made of two strands of smaller molecules, called nucleotides |
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| composed of a sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule, and a nitrogenous base molecule. |
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The rungs of the ladder, one from each of the strands
adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G)
made of either cytosine and guanine (C-G) or adenine and thymine (A-T) |
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The bases in a DNA molecule are like the characters (numbers and letters)
in a code.
DNA has a four-character code. The four characters are DNA’s nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and
thymine (T). |
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| small molecules that are the building blocks of proteins. |
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| determine the characteristics of organisms. |
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| The DNA molecule in a chromosome is organized into genes. |
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a short section of DNA that contains the instructions to make a specific
protein. |
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| All of an organism’s genes (its entire DNA) |
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| DNA - RNA - cytoplasm - ribosome - protein |
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| Within a species, there are different versions of the same gene. |
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