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(1) THE STUDY OF LIFE
Preparation for Introductory Biology: DNA to Organisms Course for Coursera
52
Biology
12th Grade
08/26/2013

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Term
abstract
Definition
opening section of a scientific paper that summarizes the research and conclusions
Term
applied science
Definition
form of science that aims to solve real-world problems
Term
atom
Definition
smallest and most fundamental unit of matter
Term
basic science
Definition
science that seeks to expand knowledge and understanding regardless of the short-term application of that knowledge
Term
biochemistry
Definition
study of the chemistry of biological organisms
Term
biology
Definition
the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments
Term
biosphere
Definition
collection of all the ecosystems on Earth
Term
botany
Definition
study of plants
Term
cell
Definition
smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things
Term
community
Definition
set of populations inhabiting a particular area
Term
conclusion
Definition
section of a scientific paper that summarizes the importance of the experimental findings
Term
control
Definition
part of an experiment that does not change during the experiment
Term
deductive reasoning
Definition
form of logical thinking that uses a general inclusive statement to forecast specific results
Term
descriptive science
Definition
(also, discovery science) form of science that aims to observe, explore, and investigate
Term
discussion
Definition
section of a scientific paper in which the author interprets experimental results, describes how variables may be related, and attempts to explain the phenomenon in question
Term
ecosystem
Definition
all the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that environment
Term
eukaryote
Definition
organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles
Term
evolution
Definition
process of gradual change during which new species arise from older species and some species become extinct
Term
falsifiable
Definition
able to be disproven by experimental results
Term
homeostasis
Definition
ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions
Term
hypothesis-based science
Definition
form of science that begins with a specific question and potential testable answers
Term
hypothesis
Definition
suggested explanation for an observation, which can be tested
Term
inductive reasoning
Definition
form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion
Term
introduction
Definition
opening section of a scientific paper, which provides background information about what was known in the field prior to the research reported in the paper
Term
life science
Definition
field of science, such as biology, that studies living things
Term
macromolecule
Definition
large molecule, typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules
Term
materials and methods
Definition
section of a scientific paper that includes a complete description of the substances, methods, and techniques used by the researchers to gather data
Term
microbiology
Definition
study of the structure and function of microorganisms
Term
molecular biology
Definition
study of biological processes and their regulation at the molecular level, including interactions among molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins
Term
molecule
Definition
chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by one or more chemical bonds
Term
natural science
Definition
field of science that is related to the physical world and its phenomena and processes
Term
neurobiology
Definition
study of the biology of the nervous system
Term
organ system
Definition
level of organization that consists of functionally related interacting organs
Term
organelle
Definition
small structures that exist within cells and carry out cellular functions
Term
organism
Definition
individual living entity
Term
organ
Definition
collection of related tissues grouped together performing a common function
Term
paleontology
Definition
study of life’s history by means of fossils
Term
peer-reviewed manuscript
Definition
scientific paper that is reviewed by a scientist’s colleagues who are experts in the field of study
Term
phylogenetic tree
Definition
diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in genetic or physical traits or both; in essence, a hypothesis concerning evolutionary connections
Term
physical science
Definition
field of science, such as geology, astronomy, physics, and chemistry, that studies nonliving matter
Term
plagiarism
Definition
using other people’s work or ideas without proper citation, creating the false impression that those are the author’s orginal ideas
Term
population
Definition
all of the individuals of a species living within a specific area
Term
prokaryote
Definition
single-celled organism that lacks organelles and does not have nuclei surrounded by a nuclear membrane
Term
results
Definition
section of a scientific paper in which the author narrates the experimental findings and presents relevant figures, pictures, diagrams, graphs, and tables, without any further interpretation
Term
review article
Definition
paper that summarizes and comments on findings that were published as primary literature
Term
science
Definition
knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when acquired and tested by the scientific method
Term
scientific method
Definition
method of research with defined steps that include observation, formulation of a hypothesis, testing, and confirming or falsifying the hypothesis
Term
serendipity
Definition
fortunate accident or a lucky surprise
Term
theory
Definition
tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena
Term
tissue
Definition
group of similar cells carrying out related functions
Term
variable
Definition
part of an experiment that the experimenter can vary or change
Term
zoology
Definition
study of animals
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