Term
Recent scholarship suggests that the enlightened despots of Europe:
a. represent a new type of monarchy that emerged in the eighteenth century.
b. had absolutely nothing to do with the philosophes or their ideas.
c. relished the opportunity to implement the ideas of the philosophes.
d. were affected little by Enlightenment ideas.
e. were more "enlightened" than "despotic." |
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Definition
| D, were affected little by Enlightenment ideas |
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Term
The reign of Louis the XV was marked by:
a. vigorous and vital leadership on the part of the king.
b. a return to fiscal and social stability.
c. great military victories and a growing empire.
d. mounting debt and higher taxes.
e. increasing public support for the monarchy. |
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Definition
| D, mounting debt and higher taxes |
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Term
Robert Walpole was able to add great power to the office of British prime minister:
a. because of successful colonial policies.
b. by means of a newspaper that he owned and used to support his programs.
c. through his ties with the landed aristocrats in the House of Lords.
d. through the successes of his wars for empire.
e. because the Hanoverians were not familiar with the English political system. |
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Definition
| E, because the Hanoverians were not familiar with the English political system |
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Term
"Wilkes and Liberty" was a slogan used by people who wanted to:
a. give British newspapers freedom to publish what they wished.
b. eliminate the office of prime minister.
c. free John Wilkes from imprisonment by agents of the kings.
d. free commerce from the mercantilist policies of the British government.
e. give the right to vote to the common people of London. |
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Definition
| E, give the right to vote to the common people of London |
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Term
During his forty-six year reign, Frederick the Great of Prussia did not:
a. eliminate serfdom and restructure the Prussian class system.
b. eliminate the use of torture except in cases of murder or treason.
c. have the philosophe Voltaire tutor him at court.
d. enlarge the army and use it in foreign policy disputes.
e. make Prussia one of Europe's great powers. |
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Definition
| A, eliminate serfdom and restructure the Prussian class system |
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Term
Joseph II of Austria tried to demonstrate that philosophy was his lawmaker by:
a. permitting each part of his empire to speak its native tongue in court.
b. granting monopolies only to banks which hired people from all classes.
c. imposing a system of tariffs and trade barriers.
d. letting Protestants worship freely in five cities of his kingdom.
e. establishing the principle that all his subjects were equal before the law. |
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Definition
| E, establishing the principle that all his subjects were equal before the law |
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Term
As a result of the rebellion led by Emelyan Pugachev, Catherine of Russia:
a. appointed officials to oversee the peasants and respond to their needs.
b. halted all rural reform and expanded the scope of serfdom.
c. sent him to prison in Siberia for the rest of his short life.
d. granted serfs limited freedom of occupation and travel.
e. abdicated the throne and fled the country. |
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Definition
| B, halted all rural reform and expanded the scope of serfdom |
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Term
The emergence of strong monarchical states in Prussia, Austria, and Russia caused the collapse and destruction of ________.
a. Poland
b. Portugal
c. Italy
d. Sweden
e. Denmark |
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Definition
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Term
The dominant power in the Italian states in the eighteenth century was:
a. France.
b. Spain.
c. Britain.
d. the Ottoman Empire.
e. Austria |
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Definition
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Term
he Seven Years' War:
a. saw much fighting in South America.
b. was initiated by Russian incursions into Poland.
c. ended with Austria in control of Silesia.
d. led to the weakening of France.
e. saw Britain ally with Austria. |
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Definition
| D, led to the weakening of France |
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Term
The most important factor in Europe's dramatic eighteenth-century population growth was:
a. a doubling of the birth rate.
b. improved hygienic conditions.
c. improved diet.
d. the elimination of smallpox and dysentery.
e. a significant decline in the death rate. |
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Definition
| E, a significant decline in the death rate |
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Term
Jethro Tull's discoveries were part of a general movement to:
a. make the potato the staple of the Irish diet.
b. improve the breeding practices of livestock in Scotland.
c. apply the principles of scientific experiment to agricultural practices.
d. promote the planting of traditional European crops.
e. enclose land and push small farmers off their holdings. |
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Definition
| C, apply the principles of scientific experiment to agricultural practices |
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Term
The Grand Tour made by many young English aristocrats:
a. was entirely social in nature.
b. came to an end because of the French Revolution.
c. was intended to train them in sophisticated behavior and complete their education.
d. excused the young men from the need to attend university.
e. led in many cases either to permanent ill health or death. |
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Definition
| C, was intended to train them in sophisticated behavior and complete their education |
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Term
Beggars at the end of the eighteenth century were:
a. disappearing as a result of improvements in the economy.
b. less noticeable in France, where new jobs in industry were plentiful.
c. so numerous that they overwhelmed the efforts of charities.
d. cared for by newly established government agencies in England.
e. viewed as children of God who deserved full compassion and a sustenance livelihood. |
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Definition
| C, so numerous that they overwhelmed the efforts of charities |
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Term
By the end of the eighteenth century:
a. the inhabitants of cities outnumbered rural residents.
b. the urban poor resented the prosperity of agricultural regions.
c. the largest city in Europe was Rome.
d. large cities offered educational and cultural opportunities.
e. common folk held the bulk of political power in towns and cities. |
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Definition
| D, large cities offered educational and cultural opportunities |
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Term
France supported the colonial cause during the American Revolution because:
a. Britain invaded French colonies in Canada.
b. it hoped to gain additional territories in Europe.
c. it hoped to exact a measure of revenge against Britain.
d. it was convinced to do so by Spain and the Netherlands.
e. Louis XVI admired Jefferson's political principles. |
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Definition
| C, it hoped to exact a measure of revenge against Britain |
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Term
The Congress of the United States added a Bill of Rights to the Constitution; these amendments:
a. derived from eighteenth century Enlightenment thought.
b. signified a weak national government.
c. evolved out of the teachings of established churches in the original thirteen states.
d. horrified many European philosophes.
e. were adopted from the Articles of Confederation. |
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Definition
| A, derived from eighteenth century Enlightenment thought |
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Term
Before the French Revolution, the Third Estate did not include:
a. skilled artisans and shop keepers in the towns and villages.
b. bourgeois merchants, industrialists, and bankers.
c. wage earners in urban areas.
d. peasants who owned small land holdings and serfs.
e. members of the lower clergy who owned no property. |
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Definition
| E, members of the lower clergy who owned no property |
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Term
The Tennis Court Oath was significant in the French Revolution because it:
a. was the first time the Third Estate made a decision without royal approval.
b. was the first time the people of France took matters into their own hands.
c. abolished the First and Second Estates and made the Third Estate supreme.
d. freed all prisoners in France who were being held for political offenses.
e. ended monarchical rule in France. |
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Definition
| A, was the first time the Third Estate made a decision without royal approval |
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Term
For the people of Paris, the fall of the Bastille meant:
a. a humiliating defeat by foreign troops opposed to their revolution.
b. the collapse of the National Assembly.
c. that every household head now had a weapon to use in the revolution.
d. that they had won a victory over the old despotism they so despised.
e. an increase in the prices of food products, particularly grain. |
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Definition
| D, that they had won a victory over the old despotism they so despised |
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Term
The Declaration of the Rights of Man called for all the following except:
a. freedom of speech and the press and from arbitrary arrest.
b. complete equality of the sexes, both politically and socially.
c. the monarch's power to be restricted by the popular will.
d. an end to tax exemptions for the privileged aristocratic class.
e. access to public office on the basis of talent. |
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Definition
| B, complete equality of the sexes, both politically and socially |
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Term
The radical policy of dechristianization:
a. strengthened support for constitutional reform among the peasants.
b. included the adoption of a new calendar, with months named for philosophes.
c. failed because despite the revolution France remained strongly Catholic.
d. took over a decade to rid France of religious influence in the government.
e. came because of the fear that a papal army might invade France. |
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Definition
| C, failed because despite the revolution France remained strongly Catholic |
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Term
The Committee of Public Safety used its Reign of Terror to:
a. bolster support for Napoleon.
b. protect the interests of the aristocracy.
c. support the French military against foreign enemies.
d. defend Catholic priests against radical reformers.
e. identify and execute enemies of the Revolution. |
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Definition
| E, identify and execute enemies of the Revolution |
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Term
Napoleon first rose to prominence because he:
a. saved the National Convention from a rioting mob.
b. participated in the opening phases of the Revolution.
c. conquered Egypt and northern Africa.
d. led the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror.
e. contributed key ideas to the Constitution of 1791. |
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Definition
| A, saved the National Convention from a rioting mob |
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Term
Napoleon's Civil Code:
a. was the chief reason for his eventual fall from power.
b. discriminated against women.
c. made Catholicism the only accepted religion.
d. did little to protect property rights.
e. abolished the equality of citizens before the law. |
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Definition
| B, discriminated against women |
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Term
This country/region was neither allied to France nor controlled by France in the Napoleonic era:
a. Spain.
b. Sweden.
c. Austria.
d. Italian provinces.
e. Prussia. |
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Definition
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Term
Napoleon's Concordat with the Vatican:
a. kept restrictions on religious processions and subjects taught in seminaries.
b. ended the influence of the Catholic Church in France.
c. reopened Catholic churches which had been closed since dechristianization.
d. meant by implication that the Church accepted the revolution's achievements.
e. gave the pope almost complete control of his bishops in France. |
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Definition
| D, meant by implication that the Church accepted the revolution's achievements |
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Term
Napoleon's Continental System eventually failed because:
a. the French people resented not being able to buy British goods.
b. of Napoleon's fall and exile.
c. German bankers refused to fund the industries he wanted to establish.
d. of the emergence of the United States as a significant trading power.
e. the British found alternative markets for their goods. |
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Definition
| E, the British found alternative markets for their goods |
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Term
Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812:
a. gave Britain time to prepare for the planned invasion across the channel.
b. so weakened his military machine that within two years he was deposed.
c. ended with his death at Waterloo.
d. sent just over a million soldiers of the Grand Army into combat.
e. failed because of fierce and effective Russian military resistance. |
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Definition
| B, so weakened his military machine that within two years he was deposed |
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