Term
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Definition
| partial or complete absence of the cranium |
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Term
| anembryonic pregnancy/blighted ovum |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| congenital abscence of the brain and cranial vault with the cerebral hemisphere missing or reduced to small masses |
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Term
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Definition
| during the 1st trimester the bowel normally herniates outside the abdominal cavity btw 8 and 12 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| protrustion of the brain from the cranial cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| complete removal of all products of conception, including the placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| a physiological cyst that dev'ps w/in the ovary after ovulation and secretes progesterone and prevents menses if fertilization occurs; may persist until the 16-18th week |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid-filled structure (often with septations) initally surrrounding the neck, may extend upward to the head or laterally to the body |
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Term
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Definition
| pregnancy outside the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| congenital fissure that remains open in the wall of the abdomen just to the right of the umbilical cord |
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Term
| gestational trophoblastic disease |
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Definition
| condition in which trophoblastic tissue overtakes the pregnancy and propagates throughout the uterine cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| failure of forebrain to divide into cerbral heispheres, which results in a single large ventricle with varying amts of cerebral cortex that has been known to occur with trisomies 13-15 and trisomy 18 |
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Term
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Definition
| retained products of conception |
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Term
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Definition
| a congenitally deformed fetus in which the brain substance protrudes through a fissure in the occiput, so that the brain and spinal cord occupy a single cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| pregnancy occuring in the FT near the cornu of the uterus; also known as cornual pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| congenital hernia of the umbilicus that is covered with a membrane; the cord may be seen in the middle of the mass |
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Term
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Definition
| decidual reaction that occurs w/in the uterus in a patient with an ectopic pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| non-lethal genetic abnormality in which chromosomal makeup is 45XO instead of the normal 46XX or XY. Cystic hygroma often is seen in affected fetusees in the first trimester. Survivors tend to be short in stature with low set ears, have webbing of the neck, shild-shaped chest, and infertility as a result of the endocrine disorder caused by failure of the ovaries to respind to pituitary changes |
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Term
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Definition
| dilation of the ventricular system without enlargement of the cranium |
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Term
choroid plexus
lateral ventricles
cranial vault |
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Definition
| dominate structure seen w/in the embryoinic cranium is the ? which fills the ? that in turn fill the ? |
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Term
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Definition
| impossible to dx in the first trimester |
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Term
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Definition
| brain necrosis from occlusion of the internal carotid a -- loss of all intracranial anatomy |
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Term
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Definition
| natural formation (ossification) of cranium begins after ? weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| well mineralized fetal bone has what type of echo texture? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| midline cranial defect in which there is herniation of the brain and meninges |
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Term
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Definition
| cephalocele is a geographical leasion where the western heipshere is primarily ? lobe whereas the Eastern hemisphere is usually ? lobe |
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Term
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Definition
lethal anomaly of the cranium dev'p
-defect in foramen magnum
-retroflexion of the spine where the fetus looks upward with its occiptal cranium directed toward the lumbar spine
-open spinal defects |
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Term
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Definition
| increased cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the bentricular system. Choroid plexus is shown to be dangling in the dilated dependent lateral ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| failure of proencephalon to differntiate into cerebral hemispheres between the ?-?th gestational weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| the normal fetal brain appears to have a single ventricle until the ? dev'ps after the ? week |
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Term
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Definition
| cystic dilation of the 4th ventricle with dysgenesis or complete agenesis of the cerebellar vermis and freqently hydrocephaly |
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Term
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Definition
| Dandy Walker normally occurs around the ?-?th week gestation. Appears as a large posterior fossa cyst that is continuous with the ? ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| spinal irregularities or a bulging within the posterior controur of the fetal spine |
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Term
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Definition
| echogenic mass at the base of the umbilical cord btw 8-12 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| the fetal bladder becomes sonographically apparent at ? weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| bladder may be so large as to extend out of the pelvis into the fetal abdomen and may present as a cystic mass |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomal abnormalities, one of the most commonly seen anomaly. Trisomes 21, 18, and 13 most common |
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Term
chomosomally normal
karyotypically abnormal |
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Definition
| If the hygroma resolves after 18 weeks then ?. If persistent through term then ? |
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Term
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Definition
| appear on the posterior aspect of the fetal neck and upper thorax. Soft tissue thickening may also be present (nauchal thickening) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st trimester umbilical cord cysts average size range is ? mm |
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Term
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Definition
| placental may become detached -- resulting in hematoma |
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Term
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Definition
| placental hematomas are reported to have a ? or greater fetal loss rate |
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Term
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Definition
| ? dont cause symptoms, bleeding, or spotting because they are within the chorionic sac w/o communication with the endometrium |
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Term
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Definition
| most common ovarian mass seen in the 1st trimester |
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Term
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Definition
| >5cm in size, internal septations/debris, increased vascularity |
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Term
| uterine leiomyoma (fibroid) |
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Definition
| increaed hormones stimulate growth, may compress gestational sac, increased size causes uterine enometrial deformity |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the most emergent dx, 10% of maternal deaths are related to ? |
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Term
beta hCG's normal
gestational sac |
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Definition
| ectopic pregnancy should be suspected if the hCG's are ? but no intrauterine ? is seen |
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Term
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Definition
-don't contain a libing embryo or yolk sac
-centrally located within the endometrial cavity
-homogeneous level echoes |
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Term
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Definition
| normal peritrophoblastic flow demonstrates a ? resistive (high diastolic) pattern with ? peak velocities (20cm/sec) |
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Term
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Definition
| pseudogestational sac show ? resistive patter (low diastolic component) with ? peak velocities |
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Term
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Definition
| 80% of patients with ectopic pregnancy demonstrate at least 25ml of blood in the ? |
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Term
| adnexal mass and free pelvic fluid |
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Definition
| what is the best sonographic correlation in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the most life threatening of all ectopic gestations |
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Term
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Definition
| ? have an incrased risk of complete hysterectomy because of uncontrollable bleeding caused by increaesd vascularity of the cervix |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the first sign of a normal viable pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| endovaginally a living embryo should be detected by no later than ? days |
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Term
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Definition
| variation of normal embryoninc cardiac rate during 1st trimester |
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Term
| embryonic oligohydramnios |
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Definition
| if the gestational sac is 4mm less than the CRL |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosome abnormalities, such as ?, have been associated with embryonic growth restriction and embryonic oligohydramnios |
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Term
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Definition
| the most common occurrence of bleeding in 1st trimester |
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Term
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Definition
| low-pressure bleeds resulf from the implantation of the fertilized ovum into the uterine myometrial wall |
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Term
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Definition
| subchorionic hemorrhage are found between the ? and the membranes of the fetus and is not associated with the ? |
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Term
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Definition
| bleeding or spotting and uterine contractions, may lead to spontaneous abortion, demonstrate the avascular nature |
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Term
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Definition
| empty uterus with no adnexal masses or free fluid and a positive beta-hCG levels. Bleeding and cramping in 1st trimester |
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Term
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Definition
| yolk sac should be seen when the gestational sac reaches ? mm, and the embryo is seen when the MSD is greater than ?mm |
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Term
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Definition
| an incomplete abortion may show a ? of greater than ?mm |
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Term
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Definition
| this can mimic product of conception |
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Term
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Definition
| large (>18mm), empty gestational sac that doesnt demonstrate a yolk sac, amnion, embryo, or cardiac activity |
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Term
| gestational trophoblastic disease |
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Definition
| proliferative disease of the trophoblast after a pregnancy |
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Term
| gestational trophoblastic disease |
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Definition
| examples include hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the clinical hallmark of gestational trophoblastic disease |
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Term
beta-hCG = dramatically
<100,000 IU/ml |
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Definition
| what is elevated in gestational trophoblastic disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increased BP during pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| maternal serum ? levels will be notably low in pregnancies complicate dby a complete hydatidiform mole -- uterus size enlarged |
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Term
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Definition
| ? is enlarged with gestational trophoblastic disease |
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Term
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Definition
| complete hydatidiform mole = normal/abnormal diploid karyotype? |
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Term
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Definition
| partial mole is normal/abnormal karyotype? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the most common abnormality of a partial mole |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the sonographic appearance of a hydatidiform mole? |
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Term
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Definition
| what happens to the blood flow on a hydatidiform mole? |
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Term
| curettage followed by hCG levels |
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Definition
| what is the tx for a molar pregnancy? |
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Term
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Definition
| has an identifiable placents, although grossly enlarged and engorged with cystic spaces |
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Term
| bilateral theca lutein cyst |
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Definition
| what makes up half of the molar pregnancies where the engorged ovaries may rupture or torqe = extreme pain |
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Term
| invasive hydatidiform mole |
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Definition
| occurs when the hydropic villi of a partial or complete mole invade the uterine myometrium and may further penetrate the uterine wall |
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Term
| invasive hydatidiform mole |
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Definition
clinically = heavy bleeding and very elevated hCG levels
sonographically: enlarged uterus with multiple focal areas of grapelike clusters |
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Term
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Definition
| malignant tumor that arises from the trophoblastic epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| what are the most common metasizes of choriocarcinoma |
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Term
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Definition
| does a partial mole have a malignant potential |
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Term
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Definition
| Approximately ? of clinically recognized pregnancies spontaneously miscarried |
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Term
| vaginal spotting or frank bleeding |
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Definition
| Most common presentation for complications is ? occurring in nearly 25% of patients during early stage of pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sonographically, placental hematomas may be difficult to distinguish from ? |
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Term
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Definition
| subchorionic hemorrhages are vascular/avascular? |
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Term
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Definition
| are spontaeius abourtions vascular/avascular |
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Term
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Definition
| the trophoblastic tissue turns into the |
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Term
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Definition
| if the gestational sac is 8mm -- how far along is the mother? |
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Term
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Definition
| Choriocarcinoma is a ? growing tumor |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlarged yolk sac, ? mm or greater, has increased risk for spontaneous pregnancy loss |
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Term
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Definition
| Generally, first IRP has hCG quantities ? those of 2IS |
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Term
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Definition
detecting IUP has been shown to be:
800 to 1000 IU/L based on ?
1000 to 2000 IU/L based on ? |
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Term
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Definition
| Color flow imaging and Doppler waveforms may also help diagnose extrauterine gestational sacs -- One study reported color flow detection in and around 95 of 106 ectopic gestations with Doppler resistive index of < ? |
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Term
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Definition
| Maximum thickness of subcutaneous lucency at back of neck in embryo at 11 to 14 weeks’ gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| may be found with trisomy 13, 18, or 21 fetuses with cardiac defects and other genetic syndromes |
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Term
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Definition
| Any gut herniation >? mm should be considered suspicious |
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