Freedmen's Bureau

#1

• Before Lincoln died, he created the FB to help newly frred slaves find work and improve educational opportunities
• It created schools, and it trained and paid African American teachers

Andrew Johnson Impeachment

#4

• Congress impeaches President Johnson
• During his trial in the senate, Johnnson is found not guilty by 1 vote

14th Amendment

#3

• It grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized into the U.S." (Grants citizenship to former slaves)

15th Amendment

#5

• The 15th Amendment was ratified in 1870, and it granted all MEN the right to vote 

Carpetbaggers

#6

• A term southerners gave to northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction era, between 1865 and 1877

Scalawags

#7

• It was a nickname for southern whites who supported Reconstruction following the Civil War.

Compromise of 1877

#8

• In the eletcionof 1876, President Rutherford B. Hayes runs against Democrat Samuel Tiden
• After the election, the results in three states (LA, FL, and SC) are contested. The Republicans said they won the states, andd the Democrats said that they had won them

Chisholm Trail

# 12

• The most famous of the cattle drive
• Starts in Ft. Worth, TX and ends at a RR in Abilene, Kansas

Homestead Act

# 14

Who?

• settlers, the U.S. government

What?

• An act that allowed settlers to recieve up to 160 acres of land

When?

• 1862

Where?

• Great Plains

How?

• Settlers would pay $10 registration fee and promise to live their for five years

So What?

• The cheap land offeres by the Homestead Act enticed stettlers to move to the Great Plains - an area that had often been seen uninhabitable

Morrill Act

#15

• In 1862, the federal government also gave land to states. Some of this land had to be used for agricultural colleges

Dry farming

#17

• Planting seed deep enough that there was moisture to grow
• Wheat: framers started to grow this heertier crop to deal with the extreme temperatures

Sand Creek Massacre

#18

Who?

• Colonel John Chivington, Cheyenne Indians

What?

• The slaughter of numerous Cheyenne, including many women and children

When?

• November 1864

Where?

• Colorado

How?

• Despite a Cheyenne attempt to surrender, Chivington slaughtered the Native Ameicans

So What?

• The attack is seen as one of the worst acts of violence in the US/ NAtive American conflicts and shows the brutality of these events

Battle of Little Big Horn

# 19

Who?

• GEorg Custer, Sitting Bull, Sioux indians

What?

• A Sioux attack on U.S. forces

When?

• June 1876

Where?

• Little Bighorn River, MT

How?

• A huge group (over 2500) Sioux and Cheyenne Indians killed all of the 210 U.S. soldiers

So What?

• thIt was the worst defeat for the U.S. in the West. It foced the gov't to increase its efforts in suppresing Indian uprisings

Massacre at Wounded Knee

# 20

Who?

• Sitting Bull. U.S. government

What?

• A battle tha killed 25 U.S. soldiers and about 200 Lakota Sioux

When?

• December 29, 1890

Where?

• Wounded Knee Creek, SD

How?

• The lakotas were in participating in a religious ritual known as the gov't attempt to arrest SB (Sitting Bull), a battlte ensued

Social Darwinism

#48

Who?

• Herbet Sencer (based off of Charles Darwin's theory)

What?

• The idea that society progresses because the fittest people survive

When?

• late 1800s

Where?

• America

How?

• Those who don't work will be left behind to be low paid workers while those who work hard will be successful

So What?

• It was embraced by big businessmen as a justification of their workers made little and worked in poor factory conditions

Reform Darwinism

#50

• Lester Frank Ward writes Dynamic Sociology
• He believes that cooperation, not competition, helped people to succeed (opposite of Social Darwinism)
• He felt the government should help solve society's problems

Settlement House

#51

• People try ti help living conditions for the working poor and immigrants by starting SETTLMENT HOUSES
• THe most famous settlement house was the HULL HOUSE in Chicago opened by Jane Addams

Halfbreeds

#58

• People who wanted to eform the system (mainly Republicans)

Pendleton Act

#59

• the spoils system gets out of hand when a crazed Stalwart kills President Garfield (halfbreed) in hopes that new President Chester Arthr (stalwart) will get him a job
• In response, Congress passes the PENDLETON ACT, which made the hiring of gov't jobs based on MERIT, not patronage

Interstate Commerce Commission

(ICC)

#61

• Some ppl believe that the RRs are giving preferential treatment to big businesses
• These businesses (like Standard Oil) got lower rates and REBATES (partial refinds)
• It was passed in 1887

1. It limited what rates the RRs could charge
2. Forbade rebates to big businesses
3. Made it illegal to charge more for shorter routes

• It attempts to even the playing field for smaller companies

Wabash vs Illinois

# 62

McKinley Tariff

# 63

• In Congress, Democrats want to lower the tariff, but Republicans want to keep it high
• Republican government contributions from businessmen who wanted the tariffs high
• Due to supporters of high tariffs, Benjamin Harrison is elected president in 1888
• Congress passes the McKinley Tariff. It lowers the tariff on some goods, but raises it on others
• Turns the nation's budget SURPLUS into a Budget Deficit

Sherman Antitrust Act

#64

• Congress also wants to deal wiith trusts
• It was passed in 1890
• It was not effective, because the courts didn't do a great job of enforcing it

Open Door Policy

#90

• McKinley's Secretary of State John Hay supports the OPEN DOOR POLICY, where all countries could trade with China
• European powers didn't like this, but said "okay"
• In 1900s, the U.S. helps put down the BOXER REBELLION in China, and keeps access to trade in Asia