Motion

a change in position

Force 

a push or pull that one body exerts on another

Action- Reaction Forces

Newtons third law of motion, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Rate

any change over time

Thermal Pollution

waste thermal energy changes the temperature of the enviornment

Experiment

a controlled procedure for testing a hypothesis

Newton's first law of motion

an object in motion stays in motion unless a net force acts on it.

Newton's second law of motion

an object accelerates in the direction of the net force applied to it.

Newton's third law of motion

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Air Resistance

upward force exerted on an object falling through air

Work

transfer of energy through motion

Energy

the ability to cause change

a triangle is the symbol for:

any change in something

Heat

energy that flows from something with a higher temperature to something with a lower temperature

Chemical Potential Energy

stored energy for future use (examples: coal food, batteries, gasoline, etc.)

Gravitational Potential Energy

energy due to an objects position

Temperature

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter

Specific Heat

the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1kg of a material to 1K

Conduction

the transfer of energy through matter by direct contact of particles

Convection

transfer of energy through matter by movement of the matter itself

Radiation

transfer of energy that does not require matter

Intake Stroke

a fuel-air mixture enters the cylinder

Compression Stroke

a piston moves upward squeezing the fuel-air mixture into a smaller space.

Power Stroke

Combustion of the fuel forcesforces the piston downward

Exhaust Stroke

waste products of burned fuel are forced out of the cylinder

Wedge

a simple machine consisting of an inclined plane with one or two sloping sides

Incline Plane

a simple machine consisting of a sloping surface used to raise objects

Fulcrum

fixed point around which a lever pivots

Wheel and axle

a simple machine consisting of two wheels of different sizes that are connected so they rotate together.

Lever

a simple machine consisting of a bar that is free to pivot around a fixed point

Pulley

simple machine consising of a grooved wheel with a rope or a chain running along the grove

Power

the rate at which work is done

1st class lever

resistance force, fulcrum, decrease in effort force

2nd class lever

fulcrum, resistance force, increase in effort force

3rd class lever

fulcrum, incease in effort force, resistance force

Mechanical Advantage

number of times a machine multiplies the effort force

Effort Force

force applied to a machine

Resistance Force

force exerted by a machine

Ideal Machine

a machine in which work input equals work output

Physical Science

the study of matter and energy

Line Graph

shows continuous trends or changes often over time

Dependant Variable

the factor in an experiment that is forced to change.  "The effect"

Technology

the application of science to improve the quality of life

Kelvin

unit of temperature

Bar Graph

shows information collected by counting

Pie Graph

shows how a fixed quantity is broken down in parts

Independant Variable

the factor in an experiment that is changed to see what effect it will have on another variable

Hypothesis

a proposed solution to a problem or explanation of how something might work

Scientific Law

a rule that describes a pattern in nature; describes what is observed

Theory

a former hypothesis that has been tested with repeated experiments and observations

Heat Engine

a device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy

Density

how tightly packed a substance is

S.I.

System of measurment used worldwide

Friction

the force that resists motion between 2 surfaces that are touching each other

Standard of measurement

S.I. unit

Interia

the tendancy of an object to resist any change in its mtion

Gravity

the attracting force exerted by every object on every other object in the universe

Acceleration

the rate of change in velocity

Terminal Velocity

highest velocity reached by a falling object.

Centripetal Force

object moves in a circular path, it acclelerates toward the center of the circle