Shared Flashcard Set

Details

1st Quarter Vocabulary
These are the vocabulary words that the students will need to know for the first quarter
77
Social Studies
8th Grade
09/14/2012

Additional Social Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
5 themes of Geography
Definition
MR. HELP – Movement, Region, Human Environment Interaction, Location, and Place
Term
Environment
Definition
The circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded
Term
Population Density
Definition
the number of people in a city, country, or district per square mile
Term
Regions
Definition
Parts of the earth that share common characteristics
Term
Migrations
Definition
Actions of moving from one place to another (push and pull factors); usually due to famine, disease, economic opportunity, technology, and war
Term
Settlement
Definition
Establishment of a person in life as in a fixed place or a permanent residence
Term
Map Projection
Definition
a way of drawing a round earth on a flat map; Robinson/Mercator
Term
Place
Definition
Physical (landforms) or cultural characteristics that define an area
Term
Urban
Definition
city or high-populated area
Term
Rural
Definition
small town or country; low populated area
Term
Adaptation
Definition
Enabling/changing something or someone to fit into a certain environment or situation (change house, clothing, tools)
Term
Developed country
Definition
A country with a high level of education, effective government, and specialized jobs
Term
Natural resources
Definition
Like water, oil, natural gas, and coal
Term
Climate
Definition
Usual weather pattern of an area over a long period of time
Term
Weather
Definition
Condition of the earth’s atmosphere over a short period of time
Term
Elevation
Definition
Height of land above sea level
Term
Longitude lines
Definition
Prime Meridian, these lines touch at North and South poles
Term
Latitude lines
Definition
Equator; these lines never touch
Term
Economic system
Definition
how people produce goods/service; how they distribute them among themselves; and how they use them; Examples – markets (free enterprise/capitalism)/mixed/command/traditional
Term
Market Economy
Definition
(free enterprise/capitalism): consumers or citizens can choose their jobs and buy any type of goods and services
Term
Mixed Economy
Definition
Some businesses are owned by the government and others are owned by private citizens.
Term
Command Economy
Definition
The government owns the country’s resources and businesses. The government decides what goods should be produced; people’s choices of jobs, goods, and services are limited.
Term
Traditional Economy
Definition
People use the same work methods and tools that were used a long time ago; They do not produce enough goods to have a surplus to sell so they can not earn extra money to buy better equipment. This makes certain that the working method will never change.
Term
Barter
Definition
A money-less exchange of goods or services.
Term
Money
Definition
Any object or material serving as a medium of exchange and a measure of value.
Term
Credit
Definition
A debt system enabling people to get goods/services before fully paying for them.
Term
Scarcity
Definition
A limited supply of a good or service; usually high prices.
Term
Interdependence
Definition
Where people, businesses, and countries rely on others to survive.
Term
Profit
Definition
Money made after the bills are paid; Sales Revenue – bills = profit.
Term
Invest
Definition
Commit money in order to gain a financial return.
Term
Productivity
Definition
The amount of goods or services that can be made in a certain amount of time; increased with new knowledge, technology, and specialization.
Term
Specialization
Definition
When one person does a specific job in a business.
Term
Competition
Definition
Where more than one person or business make a good or service.
Term
Supply
Definition
Amount of goods/services a business can make for a certain price.
Term
Demand
Definition
Amount of goods/services consumers want to buy at a certain price.
Term
Production Equation
Definition
Land(natural resources) + Labor(work done by people) + Capital (machines/tools) = goods/services/products
Term
Good
Definition
Object bought that you take with you.
Term
Service
Definition
Something paid for that other people do for you.
Term
Consumer
Definition
A person who uses up any good or service from a producer.
Term
Producer
Definition
Maker of a good or service.
Term
Tax
Definition
A payment to the government.
Term
Tariff
Definition
Tax on imported goods.
Term
Excise Tax
Definition
Tax placed on goods made, sold, and used within a country.
Term
Import
Definition
Bringing in products from another country.
Term
Export
Definition
Selling goods to another country.
Term
Blockade
Definition
Something that prevents goods and people from moving in and out of an area.
Term
Embargo
Definition
Stop buying or selling goods to another country; sometimes countries set up a blockade.
Term
Opportunity Cost
Definition
Second choice; what was given up.
Term
Monopoly
Definition
When only one producer makes a product; leads to high prices; no competition.
Term
Culture
Definition
A way of life for a group of people including clothing, religion, art, food, tradition, government, language, and daily life. (CRAFTGOLD)
Term
Civilization
Definition
High developed culture with a religion, government, and specialization.
Term
Custom
Definition
Usage or practice common to many or to a particular place, class, or individual.
Term
Language
Definition
The words, their pronunciation, and the methods of combining them used and understood by a considerable community.
Term
Artifact
Definition
An object made by humans that represents a culture.
Term
Bering Land Bridge
Definition
A strip of land connecting Alaska with Russia that emerged from underwater around 38,000 BC.
Term
Immigrant
Definition
A person who move to another country after leaving his or her homeland.
Term
Immune
Definition
Having a natural resistance to disease.
Term
Conquistador
Definition
A Spanish soldier and explorer who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain.
Term
Pueblos
Definition
aboveground houses made of a heavy clay called adobe that were built by Native Americans of the southwestern United States.
Term
Teepees
Definition
cone-shaped shelters made of buffalo skins used by Native Americans in the Plains region.
Term
Totems
Definition
Images of ancestors or animal spirits; often carved onto tall, wooden poles by Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest.
Term
Maya
Definition
Lived in Central America; had terrace farming, trades, built cities, religions, wrote hieroglyphics; finally destroyed by the Spanish.
Term
Terrace farming
Definition
a type of farming that was developed first by the Inca people; this method of farming uses "steps" that are built into the side of a mountain or hill.
Term
Aztec
Definition
Located near Mexico City; built causeways and aqueducts, trade, were religious; conquered by Cortes (Spanish).
Term
Inca
Definition
In South America Andes Mountains the empire had a military, government, farming, and bridges; conquered by the Spanish; developed terrace farming.
Term
Divine right
Definition
Theory of government that holds that monarchy receives the right to rule directly from God and not from the people.
Term
Class system
Definition
System in which members of social classes are prevented from moving into other classes
Term
Perspective
Definition
An opinion or view from a certain person or group.
Term
Ethnic group
Definition
A group of the same race (African American, Caucasian, Asian)
Term
Conflict
Definition
A disagreement, clash, fight, or struggle.
Term
Competition
Definition
Where 2 or more groups want the same thing.
Term
Oligarchy
Definition
A small, elite group that has control of the government.
Term
Democracy
Definition
A type of government where power comes from the people; can be direct or indirect.
Term
Republic
Definition
a government in which people elect officials to represent them; representative democracy.
Term
Monarchy
Definition
A form of government ruled by a single person and power is hereditary meaning it passes from parent to child.
Term
Anarchy
Definition
No government exist.
Term
Communism
Definition
A political and economic system in which the major productive resources in a society—such as mines, factories, and farms—are owned by the government, and wealth is divided among citizens equally or according to individual need.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!