Term
| Essential for management control of unit |
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Definition
- what is happening on the farm?
Breeding herd: piglets born, born alive, weaned...
• Feeding herd: ADG, FI, FCR, mortality...
• Optimise for max kg sold per sow or crate or m2 or...
- what effect is change/intervention X having?
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Term
| Why are key performance indicators useful for vet |
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Definition
See where things are going right/wrong
− Calculate (ish) cost of disease
- Calculate (ish) the value of intervention/ROI
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Term
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Definition
Performance measures are ranked on pigs weaned per sow per year. As a result the top 10% of the sample do not always return the best results for each performance measure (KPI)
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Term
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Definition
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Some farms aim for ‘average’ targets
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Best farms aim for ‘top 1/3’ or ‘top 10%’
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Recording covers a wide range of functions
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Term
| KEy performance indicators (KPI) |
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Definition
- breeding her performance
- feeding herd performance
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Term
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Definition
Data produced per set interval or as ‘rolling’ figures
• Comparison with previous interval given
• Data compared with ‘target’ and ‘interference’ levels
• Provides early warning system
- if any performance figure hits the interference level data or approaches them, the producer needs to focus attention on this area, determine the cause of poor performance and act upon it to avert financial loss
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Term
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Definition
Own systems on farms
− Pape ror computer
• Simple and quick
should be kept:
- per animal for gilts, sows and boars
- per litter in the farrowing house
- per pen or room for weaners
- per pen or house for growers/finishers
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Adult pigs: individual records
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Farrowing house : litter records
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Weaning to finishing: per pen, room or house
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Computer entry and analysis
• Date, medicine, dose, withdrawal period (Medicines Record Book)
- Number of deaths or culls
- Vaccinations, wormers (product used, date)
Allows farmer to keep track of:
- health problems and their prevalance on the farm
- the level of losses due to these problems
- dates of treatment
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Term
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Definition
- sows dur for service
- checking for returns to oestrus
- pregnancy testing
- expected farrowing
these are valuale for good management and ensure tasks are done at the correct time. |
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Term
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Definition
Fixed Cost
− Depreciation
− Insurance
− Repairs
− Taxes
− Interest
− Non feed costs:
• Labour
• Animal health
• Supplies, fuel, utilities...
on a percentage basis farm income is derived from
- feeding her sales- either pigs finished at slaughter weight or pigs sold as weaners - 94%
- sow /boar sales- adults culled on account of age, poor performance - 4%
1.28-1.70 poounds/kg dead weight for finishing pigs
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Term
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Definition
| Disease -> change in productivity:KPIs -> change in revenue and costs -> change in profit |
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Term
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Definition
- know the cost of the disease
- know the likely impact of implementations
- be able to calculate ROI |
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Term
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Definition
important for herds supplying breeding stock, for health control with pyramids, for customers with herds of specific health status, and for organic units where medication is not allowed.
Minimal disease or specific pathogen free
PRRS
• Enzooticpneumonia
• Pleuropneumonia
• Atrophicrhinitis
• Swinedysentery
• Streptococcalmeningitis
• Mange
High health status : As for MD except that enzootic pneumonia or one other declared disease is present
Conventional : no guarantee of freedom from any disease
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Term
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Definition
herds are free of the major infectious diseases listed uner specific pathogen free pigs, with one or two exceptions are otherwise well controlled. eg. M.hyopneumonia positive, controlled by vaccination
As for MD except that enzootic pneumonia or one other declared disease is present
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Term
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Definition
No guarantee of freedom from any diseases
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Term
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Definition
as infectious diseases have economical losses, should be taken seriously.
1. keep out what you dont have
2. control spread within herd
THE biggest risk to a pig's health is another pig
Specifically:
location: preferably an area of low pig density, atleast 3km
personnel should not come into contact with other pigs
- secure perimeter fence
- well constructed lorry bay with gates preventing lorry driver entering the premises
- lorries arriving at the farm to collect pigs should be empty, clean and disinfected
- rodent/bird and fly control should be effective
- dont bring pork products onto the unit.
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Term
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Definition
- figures on condemnations for each herd are available from the abattoir- recorded by MHI and given reasons why condemned ex. abscesses, pleurisy, arthritis
- a national screeing process is in place for pigs, involving quarterly monitoring of slaughtered pigs by vet to provide producers with data about their herds.
- this information can be used to make decisions on health control measures such as vaccination, changes in housing, management or medication.
Wholesome Pigs Scotland/BPHS ‐ screening data
Pneumonia, pleurisy, pericarditis, atrophic rhinitis, mange, Ascaris infestation, other findings.
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Term
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Definition
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Figures on condemnations available
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Lung, snout, liver, skin scoring
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Term
| where is a pig's snout sawn off? |
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Definition
between the 1st and 2nd premolar teeth
- snout score based on turbinate morphology ( o= normal turbinates, to 5= no remaining turbinate bone) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Examine records (production, health, tests, abattoir...)
2. Clinical inspection of animals including welfare status, management and husbandry system ( ventilation, stocking density, flooring, temperature, feeding spaces
3. Postmortem examination- in the event of disease outbreaks or increased levels of mortality. or in the case where fresh dead pigs arent available, sacrificing a few live animals for the benefit of the herd health
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Term
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Definition
vet involvement comes in two forms on pig farms:
1. routine monitorying for early detection of problems or problem solving arising due to :
- production parameters indicating a problem
- sick animals
- slaughterhouse complaints
- health monitoring showing presence of an agent
Effect (symptom) ≠ Cause
Root cause analysis
1. What happened (clinical, labs, PM,...)
2. Why did it happen (possible causes)
→Fishbone diagram
fix the problem at the root
Problem investigation:
− Productionparameters
− Sickanimals
− Abattoircomplaints
− Customercomplaintorunexpectedlabdiagnosis
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Many units use average targets while the most efficient and high health units use? |
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Definition
| the targets that would be expected for the top third or top ten percent of herds. |
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Term
| By using a recording system, farmers aim to produce data on the following major performance factors: ? |
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Definition
- reproductive efficiency
- farrowing house performance ( birth to weaning)
- feeding herd performance ( weaning to slaughter)
- feed usage costs
- breeding herd performance is a mixture of the first two- always question what you see, very dependent on level of stockmanship |
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Term
| Why are health records useful for vets? |
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Definition
- see where things go wrong/ right
- calculate cost of disease -> cost calculations
- calculate value of intervention
- effectiveness of treatments
- dates or routine prophylactics |
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Term
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Definition
| pigs, also known as minimal disease pigs in UK, use to describe pigs in hers that are free from a specificed list of diseases. the health status is checked regularly through abattoir screening and lab testing |
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Term
| monitoring prevalence and severity of pneumonia in a herd. |
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Definition
| lungs with pneumonia are scored on a % basis ( 0= no gross pneumonic lesions to 55%= pneumonia present in all lung lobs) |
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