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brain and spinal cord
cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia |
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sensory neurons are also called...
motor neurons also called... |
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| Motor components effect... |
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skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle
glands |
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Somatic system: effects skeletal/voluntary muscles
Autonomic system: cardiac and smooth muscle, glands
are part of... |
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Definition
1. cell body
2. dendrites
3. axon hillock
4. axon
5. synaptic terminal |
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| Unipolar neurons are specialized for... |
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| neurons carrying info from the skin (are sensory neurns in PNS); are characteristically... |
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| Bipolar neurons are specialized for... |
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sight, smell, and hearing neurons are characteristically... |
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Multipolar neurons are motor neurons of the...
fcn: |
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| motor neurons of the CNS and PNS, and fcn as interneurons; are characteristically... |
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Sensory afferent neurons
Receptors for:
Cell bodies in
Central process carries: |
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Definition
Receptors for touch, pressure, pain, vision, hearing, balance, taste and smells
Cell bodies in posterior ganglion root
Central process carries sensation to CNS
what kind of neuron?
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Motor efferent neurons
Cell bodies in:
Axons carry: |
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Definition
Cell bodies in: CNS
Axons carry: impulses from muscles and glands
what kind of neuron? |
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Term
Interneurons = "association neurons"
Recieve:
Facilitate communication b/t: |
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Definition
Recieve: impulses from sensory neurons and decide what to do w/ it
Facilitate comm b/t: sensory and motor neurons
what kind of neuron?
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Glial Cells / Neuroglia
Found in:
Size compared to neurons:
Cell division?
Fcn:
Number compared to neurons: |
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Definition
Found in: CNS and PNS
Size compared to neurons: Smaller
Cell division? YES
Fcn: protect, nourish, and provide support for neurons
Number compared to neurons: MORE |
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Term
| Four types of glial cells in CNS |
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Definition
astrocytes - no axon; rare
ependymal cells - one axon; are SENSORY neurons in the PNS
microglia - one axon, one dendrite; are specialized for SIGHT, SMELL, and HEARING
oligodendrocytes - one axon, many dendrites; are MOTOR NEURONS of CNS and PNS and are very common in CNS |
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Definition
Blood-brain barrier
Regulates tissue fluid comp
Fill space from dead neurons
Provide structural network
Can directly influence fcn of neurons w/ Ca release |
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| Ependymal cells: structure and fcn |
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Definition
Line ventricles of the brain
Help form choroid plexus (for prod of CSF) |
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| Central Canal of Spinal Cord |
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Slender extensions that wrap around axons providing myelin
Myelinate more than one axon |
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| Two types of glial cells in the PNS |
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Definition
Satellite cells
Neurolemmocyte / Schwann cell |
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Definition
Located around cell bodies of PRG
Regulate nutrients/waste |
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Definition
| Wrap around axons in PNS to provide myelin to a portion of an axon |
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| Two cells that myelinate axons + location |
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Definition
Oligodendrocyte (CNS)
Schwann Cell (PNS) |
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| Successful nerve regeneration dep on (3) |
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Definition
1. amount of damage
2. secretion of nerve growth factor by neurolemmocytes
3. distance b.t damaged axons and effector |
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Term
| Why doesn't regeneration occur in the CNS? (3) |
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Definition
1. oligodendrocytes do not release growth factor
2. the large number of axons in the CNS interfere w/ regeneration
3. astrocytes may obstruct axon growth |
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Term
Syapse
1. define
2. fcn
3. located b/t |
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Definition
1. the fcnal contact of a nerve cell w/ another nerve cell or effector
2. it is where an impulse is relayed to another neuron/effector
3. located b/t the axon termina, or telodendria, and the effector or another neuron |
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1 axon is severed
2 proximal portion of the severed axon seals off and swells: the distal portion degenerates
3 neurolemmocytes form a regeneration tube
4 axon regenerates and reM occurs
5 reinnervation of the effector (skel mscl fibers by the axon)/ reconnect to effector |
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