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| From Wikipedia, "The Age of Exploration was a period in history starting in the 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century, during which Europeans and their descendants intensively explored and mapped the world." |
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| Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) |
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| From textbook, "Spain secured its claim to Columbus' discovery in the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), dividing with Portugal the "heathen lands" of the New World. The lion's share went to Spain, but Portugal recieved compensating territory in Africa and Asia, as well as title to lands that would one day be Brazil. |
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| Early Native American tribe in Eastern Virginia. |
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| Early English settler of America, who first successfully cultivated tobacco. He was also married to Pocahontas, which is pretty cool. |
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| First governing document of the Plymouth colony, written by the colonists. It stated the intention of the settlers to remain united for the good of the people. |
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| Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630) |
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| English settlement on the East coast of North America, centered around the present-day cities of Boston and Salem. Mostly made up of Puritans, but not entirely. Many groups seeking religious freedom from the British fled there. |
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| The Pueblo people rebelled against Spanish colonization of the Americas. |
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| France founded colonies in much of eastern North America, on a number of Caribbean islands, and in South America. Most colonies were developed to export products such as fish, sugar, and furs. As they colonized the New World, the French established forts and settlements that would become such cities as Quebec and Montreal in Canada; Detroit, Green Bay, Baton Rouge and New Orleans in the US. |
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| New Netherland was the seventeenth-century Colonial Province on the East coast of North America. The claimed territories were the lands from the Delmarva peninsula to southwestern Cape Cod. |
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| The Iroquois Confederacy was the name for the entity of Iroquis response to European colonization. |
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| A colonial government system established in 1619, which was similar to the British Parliament. |
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| English theologian and founder of Rhode Island. |
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| Banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for believing in a more extensive role of women and for believing that people could communicate directly with God. |
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| Salem Witch Trials (1692) |
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You know this one, kids.
The Salem Witch Trials were a series of hearings in front of local officials, calling out citizens as witches. Much of the time, these hearings led to the execution of the suspected "witch". |
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| Armed conflict between the Native Americans and the English colonists (along with their Native American allies). The war is named after the main leader of the Native American side, Metacom, known to the English as "King Philip." It continued in northern New England after King Philip was killed, until a treaty was signed at Casco Bay in April 1678. |
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| Series of land grants given by King Charles II in the late 1600's, specifically to his supporters. Marked the end of a 30 year hiatus in English colonization of America. |
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| One of several sources of resentment in the American colonies against Great Britain, helping cause the American Revolutionary War. Required all European goods bound for America (or other colonies) to be shipped through England first. |
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| Dominion of New England (1686) |
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| King James II of England decreed the creation of the Dominion as a measure to enforce the Navigation Acts and to coordinate the mutual defense of colonies against the French and hostile Native Americans. |
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| Glorious Revolution (1688) |
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| The Glorious Revolution was referred to as such because it was bloodless, more or less. It was the overthrow of James II in by Parliamentarians and an invading army led by the Dutch stadholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III. |
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| Largest recorded slave uprising before the American Revolution. Took place on September 9th, 1739, in the South Carolina colony. |
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| Operated during the 17th, 18th, and early 19th centuries, carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers, with the northern colonies of British North America, especially New England, sometimes taking over the role of Europe. |
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| Forced transport of Africans to the New World for the slave trade. The term "Middle Passage" refers to that middle leg of the transatlantic trade triangle in which millions of Africans were imprisoned, enslaved, and removed from their homelands. |
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| British general, philanthropist, and founder of the Georgia colony. The colony's charter provided for acceptance of all religions except Roman Catholicism. Oglethorpe also proposed that British debtors should be released from prison and sent to Georgia, which would inherit Britain's "worthy poor". |
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| Cecilius Calvert, Governor of Maryland, was an English colonizer and proprieter of the Maryland colony. |
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| Policy in which Britain took a loose approach to governing the colonies. Ended in 1763, roughly. |
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| English entrepreneur, philanthropist, and founder of the Pennsylvania colony. He was unoriginal, and named the colony after himself. Penn supported democracy and religious freedom, and worked for peaceful relations with the local indians. |
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| Uprising in Virginia colony, led by wealthy planter Nathaniel Bacon. Protested against Native American raids. |
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| Used in Jamestown, Virginia, starting in 1618 as an attempt to solve labor shortages due to the advent of the tobacco economy, which required large plots of land with many workers. It was also a way to attract immigrants. Virginian colonists were each given two headrights of 50 acres, whereas immigrant colonists who paid for their passage were given one headright, and individuals would receive one headright each time they paid for the passage of another individual. This last mechanism increased the division between the wealthy land-owners and the working poor. The headright system was only for males. |
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| The Great Awakening (1720's-40's) |
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| Religious revival characterized by widespread revivals led by evangelical Protestant ministers, a sharp increase in interest in religion, a profound sense of guilt and redemption on the part of those affected, a jump in evangelical church membership, and the formation of new religious movements and denominations. After a generation or so, the fervor calmed and faded away. |
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| Anglican minister with the goal of spreading the Great Awakening. |
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| New Lights and Old Lights |
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| In reference to the first Great Awakening; Old Lights and New Lights generally referred to Congregationalists and Baptists in New England who took different positions on the Awakening than the traditional branches of their denominations. New Lights embraced the revivals that spread through the colonies, while Old Lights, suspicious of the revivals (and their seeming threat to authority), wanted to suppress them. |
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| Ignited the Great Awakening, and opposed the belief that one could acquire salvation through good works. |
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| Era in Western philosophy and intellectual, scientific and cultural life, centered upon the eighteenth century, in which reason was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority. |
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| Founding father, activist, dimplomat, politician, etc. You know. |
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| "Father of Liberalism", he was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered the first of the British empiricists, he is equally important to social contract theory. |
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| A religious and philosophical belief that a supreme being created the universe, and that this (and religious truth in general) can be determined using reason and observation of the natural world alone, without the need for either faith or organized religion. |
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| Bestselling annual pamphlet by Benjamin Franklin, under the pseudonym of "Poor Richard". |
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| At the end of the trial on August 5, 1735, the twelve New York jurors returned a verdict of "not guilty" on the charge of publishing "seditious libels," even though judges who were hand-picked by the governor were presiding. Hamilton had successfully argued that Zenger's articles were not libelous because even if they were slanderous in use, all statements were based on fact. |
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