Term
| Phases of the Cardiac Cycle |
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Definition
1. Ventricular Filling
2. Ventricular Contraction
3. Ventricular Relaxation |
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Term
| Active Ventricular Relaxation |
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Definition
| Ventricular relaxation during diastole creates a suction effect that draws more blood into ventricle. Major contributor during exercise. Heart disease, hypertension, and pericardial disease may inhibit active ventricular relaxation. Atrial contraction may increase to compensate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decrease of rate of flow from atria to ventricles in later stages of ventricular filling. This happens when the atrial and ventricular pressure are similar. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acts as a booster pump to augment ventricular filling, happens due to P wave. |
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Term
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Definition
| Opening of valve creates an audible noise, should normally be silent. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid flow of blood from atria to ventricles during ventricular filling may cause turbulent flow that is audible to auscultation. Physiologic, mostly seen in trained athletes, not pathological. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pathological heart sound. Occurs when blood from the atria goes down the AV valves and hit an abnormally stiff ventricular wall. Sign of heart failure. |
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Term
| Phases of Ventricular Contraction |
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Definition
1. Isovolumetric Contraction
2. Maximal Ejection |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by aortic and pulmonary valves closing at different times. Pulmonary valve closes later since it is in a lower pressure system. Have A2 sound first followed by P2 sound. |
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Term
| Reason for aortic valve opening and closing at different pressures |
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Definition
| When pulmonary valve opens, the CV system is at diastole (lower pressure). When aortic valve closes, system is at systole (high pressure). |
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Term
| Factors affecting rapidity of ventricular ejection |
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Definition
1. Pressure gradient across aortic valve.
2. Elasticity of aorta. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Decreased systolic expansion and diastolic recoil.
2. Increased systolic blood pressure and decreased diastolic blood pressure.
A stiff aorta has less elasticity, which creates more pressure of aortic valve and causes it to open slower. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sarcoplastic Reticulum actively takes up cytosolic Ca which causes myofibers in the ventricle to relax, reducing the rate of blood ejection. Signals beginning of ventricular relaxation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood flows back from aorta to the ventricle through a defective semilunar valve, causes regurgitant flow, resulting in a murmur (turbulent flow in heart). |
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