Term
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Definition
-British PM (Britain's Representative in the Paris Speech Conference)
-Realist: he knew that he had to compromise
-Often in the middle ground between Clemenceau & Wilson, because Britain had not suffered too much damage. |
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Term
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Definition
-French PM
-Views (of Clemenceau and the French Public):
~Germany still seemed as powerful & threatening as ever
~Treaty opportunity to cripple Germany – cannot attack France again
-Clemenceau:
~realistic – knew he had to compromise a few issues
~Demanded harsh treaty due to public opinion (French seeking revenge, had suffered the most) |
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Term
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Definition
-USA President
-Wilson:
~Idealist – wanted a better & more peaceful world from the ruins of WWI
~Views:
-Treaty should not be too harsh or else Germany will someday have revenge
-Self‐determination & cooperation of each nation to achieve peace
~Aim: to strengthen democracy so the people would not let the leaders cause another World War
~ |
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Term
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Definition
| Germany must accept sole responsibility of starting the WW1. Therefore, they had to pay reparations (£6.6 billion) |
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Term
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Definition
| Public opinion outside of Germany increased, when they learnt how harsh Germany had been to Russia. |
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Term
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Definition
(i) Destroy German economy with reparations (£6.6 bil)
(ii) Cap army at 100,000, all volunteers, no conscription.
(iii) No more than 6 battleships, no armoured vehicles, submarines, aircraft.
(iv) Almost half iron and steel industry, many weapons, 16% coalfields and lot of agricultural land gone.
(v) No access to League of Nations until proven peace worthy.
(vi) Lost 10% land, all colonies, 12.5% population.
(vii) Alliance with Austria banned. |
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Term
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Definition
(i) To punish Germany for WWI.
(ii) Appease the Big Three.
(iii) Stabilise central and eastern Europe (e.g. Treaty of St Germain dealing with Austria) (p.92-93)
(iv) To prevent another war
(v) Restrict Germany's ability to attack France. |
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Term
| Reasons Germany was punished (must explain these points) |
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Definition
(i) Public opinion: Germany had started the war. Clause 231.
(ii) Anti-German feeling-- destruction brought to towns bc of Germans.
(iii) Representatives of victorious countries under pressure to punish Germany harshly due to (i).
(iv) Only victorious countries present at making of treaties.
(v) Anti-German feeling increased due to Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
(vi) Germany took the first step in the war with the Schliefflen Plan and invading Belgium. |
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Term
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Definition
(i) To punish Germany for WWI.
(ii) Appease the Big Three.
(iii) Stabilise central and eastern Europe (e.g. Treaty of St Germain dealing with Austria) (p.92-93)
(iv) To prevent another war
(v) Restrict Germany's ability to attack France. |
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Term
| Successful with dealing with their problems |
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Definition
1. The T of V could have been harsher
-FR wanted it harsher, but a good compromise between all
2. The T of V did not included Wilson's 14 points
- self- determination was given to Czech, Yugo and Poland
-Germans agreed to disarmament in the Armistic-- should not of been surprised with the T of V
- Many problems they could have had, but did well to compromise
3. Treaties led to another war
-defeated countries bitter and wanted revenge
4. Treaties failed with the countries of Central Europe
-Yugoslavia was a failure-- to many enemies in one country.
- Turkey treated unfairly bc of FR, BR and Greece -- only lasted 3 years
5. They blamed the wrong people
-Punished the regular people but not the governments
- Other countries also aggressive imperialism.
6. Creating the League dealt with the problems of the time. |
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Term
| Colonies Lost by Germany in the T of V |
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Definition
1) Togoland (Britain & France)
2) Cameroon (Britain & France)
3) German South-West Africa (South Africa)
4) German East Africa (Britain)
5) New Guinea (Australia)
6) Samoa (New Zealand)
7) Marshall, Mariana, Caroline Islands (Japan) |
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Term
| Treaty of St Germain, dealt with Austria, 1919 |
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Definition
~ Bohemia, Moravia to Czechoslovakia (causes recession, important industrial land lost)
~ Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia to Yugoslavia
~ Galicia to Poland
~ some land to Italy
~30000 men in army only, no alliance with Germany |
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Term
| Treaty of Neuilly, dealt with Bulgaria, 1919 |
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Definition
~ lands to Greece, Romania, Yugoslavia
~ access to Mediterranean lost
~ £100 million
~ army limited to 20000 |
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Term
| Treaty of Trianon, dealt with Hungary, 1920 |
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Definition
~ Transylvania and some more to Romania
~ Slovakia and Ruthenia to Czechoslovakia
~ Slovenia and Croatia to Yugoslavia
~ lost 3 million of population
~ couldn't afford to pay reparations |
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Term
| Treaty of Sèvres, dealt with Turkey, 1920 |
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Definition
~ Smyrna to Greece (rebelled, got it back in Treaty of Lausanne, 1923)
~ Syria and Lebanon become French mandates
~ Morocco and Tunisia become French protectorates
~ Rhodes and Dodecanese Islands to Italy
~ Iraq, Palestine, Transjordan become British mandates
~ Some land to Bulgaria |
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Term
| David Lloyd George Aims for Germany |
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Definition
-Wanted :
~Just and mild punishment for Germany
~Germany to lose navy & colonies (for British Empire’s safety)
~Trading between Germany & Britain
-Lloyd George did not want Germany treated with lenience but he knew that Germany would be the only country in central Europe that could stop the spread of communism if it burst over the frontiers of Russia.
-British people wanted harsh treaty. "Hang the Kaiser" and "Make Germany Pay" were two very common calls in the era immediately after the end of the war and Lloyd George, looking for public support, echoed these views. |
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Term
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Definition
1. War Guild Clause 231
2. Reparations 6.6 billion
3. All territory and colonies lost
4. Army limited 100,000
5. Conscription banned
6. No armored vehicles, submarines, or aircraft
7. Only 6 battleships
8. Rhineland demilitarized
9. Forbidden union between Austria, and Germany
10. Not allowed to join the L of N. |
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Term
| Why did Woodrow Wilson want the League of Nations? |
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Definition
1. Horrified by the devastation of WW1
2. Peace loving
3. Avoid another war.
4. Build a better world
5. Nations to cooperate
6. World safe for democracy |
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Term
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Definition
1. Pay for the cost of the war.
2. Return Alsace-Lorraine
3. Weaken industry and reduce military
4. Split Germany into smaller states
5. Lose Rhineland, Saarland, Upper Silesia, Danzig, East Prussia
6. Lose all colonies
7. Reparations |
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Term
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Definition
Wilson's Idea for 'World Peace'
1. No Secret Treaties
2. Free access to seas
3. Free trade
4. Disarmament
5. Colonies- have say in future
10. Self-Determination for countries of Eastern Europe
7. League of Nations set up. |
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Term
| Territories lost by Germany in the T of V |
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Definition
8) Alsace-Lorraine (France)
9) Saarland (League of Nations)
10) North Schleswig (Denmark)
11) Danzig (League of Nations)
12) West Prussia and Posen (Poland)
13) Upper Silesia (Poland)
14) part of East Prussia (Lithuania) |
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Term
| Limits on Germany from attacking France |
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Definition
Alsace-Lorraine -> France
Rhineland demilitarized
Saarland becomes part of L of N
Northern Schleswig -> Denmark -- strengthen Denmark's economy
Army 100,000 and no conscription
No tanks or military aircraft |
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Term
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Definition
A territory taken from the defeated powers and controlled by the L of N
Examples
German East Africa ->Britain
German South West Africa -> South Africa
Syria -> France
Iraq -> Britain |
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Term
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Definition
A place where a popular vote was taken to determine to which country the population wished to be attached.
Examples:
North Schleswig -> Denmakr
Saarland -> Germany (after 15 years of belonging to the L of N)
Upper Silesia -> 1/2 Poland, 1/2 Germany (settled in the L of N in 1921) |
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Term
| Why Germany disappointed? (must explain each point) |
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Definition
1. Affected the strength and wealth of the country
2. Lost military power
3. reparations too hard
4. resent war guilt clause
5. lost important territory
6. terms not based on wilson's 14 points
7. not allowed to negotiate or invited |
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