• Aesthetics and proportions
  • wider space columns and curbs introduced
• Solidity
  • moral emphasis
• Volume
  • with arcuated construction, new volumes are possible
• Symbollism(illusion)
  •  SCA used everywhere came to symbolize the power of the Roman Empire

• Doric  (Parthenon perfect example)     
  • Blocky , hints of wood 
• Ionic         
  • Curl    
•       Corinthian  
  • Flourishing                         

• Expanded cella, bigger interior space
• Peristyle replaced engaged columns
• No stylobate, instead a set of stairs on 1 facade leading to the entrance, while the rest of the facades have a strong base

• Trebeated-post and beam
• Arcuated- arch based construction
• Cirbel & Cantilever- Incremential overhang and dramatic overhang
• Truss Triangulation- Triangular system which distributes weight best

• Use of Semi cirular arches
• discovery/ exploitation of concrete
• Arch+concrete=Archuated massive volumes

• Monumental
• masterful artists
• considered buildings sculptural objects in space and in sunlight
• Dominant building type: Temple
• Devised a proprotioning systems for their buildings

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

Characteristics

1. Monumentality
   • Size
   • Material durability
   • Importance in society
2. Religious beliefs affect design
   • Pharaoh is God
   • Belief in afterlife
3. Spatial sequence
   • Almost always employed axial (linear) design strategy.
4. Ornamentation as means of communication
   • Hieroglyphics- pictoral language carved in stone.

• Palace at Knossos
  • The columns are tapered
  • Decoration is non-threatning

• Refined Proportions of temples
• Used entasis to fix human perspective
• Fluted the columns adn had members sticking out and setting back to obtain 3D
• Concerned with symmetricaliy

• They invade mainland Greece from the north
• they have woodbuilding traditions, salt proof traditions
• developed Megarons, gable roof and porch

• Tombs
• Temples
• Mastaba
• Sphinx

• Used stone
• Abundant clay, smaller masonry units and bricks
• Militaristic oriented-defense oriented architecture

• strong and elevated base
• a trebeated porch
• gable roof
• a cella- enclosed interior roof

Aggregate, Pazzolana, and Water

when they combine, a chemical reaction occurs, and creates an extremely strong member which can be formed into many different shapes

It replaced structural stone masonry

Mycenian Arhitecture

Cyclopian Walls-- massive walls thought to not have been made by humans

Lions Gate

• precursor to treatments on Greek temples
• stone version of trebiation
• recognizes structural knowledge
• pediment has carvings of animals

Roman

• semi circle with stage in front
• had a base
• columns are engaged with walls
• more decorated
• one axial entrance

Greek

• 3/4 of a circle with a vie for the front
• entrance from several parts
• colum # in antis say style
  • 2 colums, distyle
  • 3 coulmns, tristyle