1. No nuclear membrane

2. No membrane bound organelles

3. Single stranded DNA chromosome tightly coiled in cytoplasm

4. Reproduce by binary, asexual fission

5. Protective peptidoglycan layer within cell wall

-gram negative

-autotrophic

-don't cause disease

-largest biomass of bacterias

-aquatic habitats

-called bluegreen algae (aren't real algae)

-generated O2 on prehistoric earth

-Ancestors of chloroplasts

-Symbiotic with fungi and green algae, form lichens

-Gram negative

-heterotrophic

-thick outer layer

-ancestors of mitochondria

-disease causing: E. Coli, Yersinia (plague), cholera, gonorrhea, ulcers

-symbiotic with plants; extract sugars from legumes, fix nitrogen

1. No nuclear membrane

2. No common membrane bound organelles

3. Single stranded DNA coiled in cytoplasm

4. Reproduce by binary, asexual fission

5. Branched hydrocarbon lipid layer (protects)

6. Evolved later due to environmental stress (high/ low temp, low pH, high salinity)

7. None cause disease

1. Nuclear membrane around chromosomes

2. Internal Cytoskeleton

3. Cell Organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts)

4. Multiple chromosomes of DNA

5. Reproduce by mitosis and meiosis

Steps of Protist Eukaryote Evolution from Bacteria

(3)

1. Competition for energy => photosynthetic and heterotrophic

2. Heterotrophism => endosymbiosis and eukaryotic organelles

3. Heterotrophism => arms race btwn heterotrophs and prey

-prey develop tough cell walls, heterotrophs develop digestive enzymes

-predators develop larger size, prey evolve colonies and multicellularity

1. Apical Complex

2. Cilia

3. Flagella

4. Amoeboid Movement

5. Multicellularity

6. Alternation of generations