Term
|
Definition
| No state-specific currencies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
States may not interfere with regulation of trade, outside the state or interstate- not inside the sovereign state.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Articles of Confederation didn't have a taxing authority, because Rhode Island refused it.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ratification would occur under convention, not by state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hamilton was successful at creating a fiscal system for the US that supports stability and modernisation.
Stability- financial values, currency and bonds.
|
|
|
Term
| Thomas Jefferson and James Madison |
|
Definition
| Jefferson and Madison were Traditionalists, and feared growth and modernisation as slaveholders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
President Washington issues proclamation of neutrality in regards to French revolution.
|
|
|
Term
| John Adams and Thomas Jefferson |
|
Definition
Dichotomy in that Adams was president and Jefferson was Vice President- they didn't agree.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alien and Sedition Laws- former made it more difficult to become a citizen, sedition was a crime to criticise the President or Congress. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each state would get one vote, meaning that the Federalists could decide which Jeffersonian would become president. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Judiciary Act of 1789- created District Courts and Circuit courts under Article III Sec. 1. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| System was unsatisfactory, as the travel was miserable. System was not fixed until after 1800- lame duck Federalist Congress. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
John Adams proceeded to appoint many Federalists to be JoTP for the DoC. Madison destroyed various certificates certifying status of JoTP; though Adams signed them, he had to actually deliver them, and he did not.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Jeffersonian Congress Repeals the Judiciary Act of 1801
They went on to impeach various Federalist Judges- started with Pickering, an extremely unfit person, and Samuel Chase- might have gone on to impeach John Marshall
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Senators had power in congress based on the total number of citizens and 3/5 of the slave population. (Prior to the abolition of slavery) Thus, Southerners were grossly overrepresented by the large slave population, which inflated their gross population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a bill that barred trade between the United States of America and other nations. It was created at the request of President Thomas Jefferson in an attempt to prevent American involvement in the Napoleonic Wars. Merchants from New England were most harmed by Jefferson's embargo, thus they tended not to support him.
Jefferson's embargo ended March 4, 1809, at the end of his presidency.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Madison was the designer of the federal government. From 1785-1799-1800, Madison was a genius for a governmental designer. Unfortunately, he was unsuccessful at running this government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
New, younger people were elected to Congress between 1810-1812, aka War Hawks
Henry Clay, from Kentucky, and John C. Calhoun, from South Carolina. Decided to take advantage of the strife during the war re: Canada and Indians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Madison supports a declaration of war against England, due to pushing from Congress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bad definition- War of 1812 was about impressment: Navy is the shield against Napoleon; service in the navy is miserable, business is bad, and Englishmen being nabbed to America- thus, England was drafting foreign sailors without process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Better definition- American ambitions to conquest re: Canada and Indians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Andrew Jackson led the defense of New Orleans in 1814, was successful. In Battle of New Orleans, in late December, the invading British army was destroyed, with about a 100:1 casualty ratio. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
For most Americans, the sequence of news was as follows:
-Federalists meet in Hartford, CT to discuss their opposition to the war
-Jackson wins in New Orleans
-Peace breaks out (perceived as a win because the US didn't lose anything, and because of Jackson's win)
This led to the destruction of the Federalists as a national party, because the Americans see the Federalists as wrong about the war, because of the perceived sequence of events. |
|
|
Term
| Death of the Federalist Party/ The Era of Good Feelings |
|
Definition
| This led to the destruction of the Federalists as a national party, because the Americans see the Federalists as wrong about the war, because of the perceived sequence of events. They lose their credibility, and the Federalists disappear. For 10 years, a one-party system existed, i.e. "The Era of Good Feelings" |
|
|
Term
| American and British Interests in 1814 |
|
Definition
The United States and England's interests begun to align until they became exceedingly more cooperative, after late 1814.
Cotton was, to the United States, as oil is to Arabia. -> Exceeded the value of all exports at the time.
Manufacturing was generally done in England. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The rise in the industry gave rise to the need for labour. Increased the supply, demand, and value...of slaves.
The cost of a 'prime field hand' after the rise of the cotton gin was $500-$1500...i.e., the current cost of a powerful pickup truck. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nat Turner rebellion in Virginia. Legislature was considering a plan to eliminate slavery. Nat Turner led a slave rebellion- some white and black people were murdered in retribution. Response by Virginia was to round up all involved and kill them, people who lost slaves were compensated monetarily, and government decided to tightly regulate slavery rather than delegitimise it. Virginia specialised in producing and exporting labour, rather than growing crops. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
First Bank of the United States (1791-1811)
Presidents let it expire, and economy died. Madison relented and created the Second Bank of the United States. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Creating a system that did not require unanimous agreement was a goal
-Payback of the national debt
-Tariffs on imports for the purpose of raising revenues for the government |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Until 1913 (passage of the federal income tax) there is considerable interest in trying to impose tariffs
-To raise revenue
-To choke off competition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thus, a tit-for-tat tax system occurs between foreign nations.
Tariff system vs. Free Trade?
Free trade promotes global prosperity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The great industrial enemy at the time was England.
Tariff debates end up being resolved on a party basis and sectional basis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Successors to the Federalist party were the Whigs.
Whig Ideas: Revenue producing tariff. Internal improvements at Federal expense: i.e. highways,
Hartford Convention- accidental suicide of the Federalists. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Four Candidates. John Quincy Adams, Monroe's Secretary of State, candidate of the Northeast; William Crawford, Secretary of Treasury, candidate of the Southeast, Andrew Jackson, candidate of the west; Henry Clay, candidate of the progressive west.
In the campaign, no candidate got a majority of electoral votes.
1. Andrew Jackson
2. JQ Adams
3. William Crawford
4. Henry Clay
Clay did not make top three for the runoff election, and Crawford had a stroke. Jackson claimed he was the victim of a corrupt bargain.
Jackson organised a campaign for 1828 upon losing the presidency to John Quincy Adams. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1828 Tariff of Abominations- intended as a poison pill, and Adams swallowed it- Jackson argued against this tariff. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The Constitution prohibits taxes on exports.
Ways to get revenue for the Government:
-tariffs
-sales of public land |
|
|
Term
| The Nullification Ordinance of South Carolina |
|
Definition
South Carolina enacted a Nullification Ordinance
SC ratified the Constitution, theorised they could create a single-purpose body, a Nullification Convention, and if that body chooses to nullify that act of Congress, that law would be void in South Carolina.
Congress: Force Bill and Compromise Tariff
SC: Nullified the Force Bill and allowed them to collect Compromise Tariff |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jackson's wife had a prior husband, and he turned up, Adams campaign attacked Rachel Jackson calling her a bigamist; she died shortly after the election and Jackson was not happy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tobias Watkins -> Jackson's people had found that he did not do well keeping track of money, that he was dishonest. He was Adams' campaign manager who had attacked Rachel Jackson, and they incarcerated him. A measure of vindictiveness to Jacksonian politics. |
|
|
Term
| Emerging Technological Frontiers |
|
Definition
Roads, canals, later-railroads and telegraph
↑ ↑
Attractive ↑ to riders in terms of less energy expenditure and easier travel
-Greater investment, but easier travel due to the flowing nature of water. Also, must be near a body of water.
Canal locks- engineering feat, w/ civil and hydraulic engineering. Thus, usage fees. Paid with a ☺
|Internal cylinder: Oxygen, fuel, spark = Force
External cylinder: Fire + Water = Steam as a mode of force, condenses
|Waste products: Ext: coal, Nuclear poop : problematic
Gibbons v. Ogden- New York gave one company monopoly for steam ship trade, New Jersey gave another company a monopoly, acted badly.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
By 1824, it was illegal to teach even free Blacks to read or write by Virginia Law
'Yellow' People - mulatto, brown, café au lait
There was competition for slaves between farmers, gold miners, and canal builders in Virginia
There is a market for slave labour that's not just about buy and sell, also trade. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Slavery = Sexual exploitation
"Sold south" Inside slavery was a hierarchy of
Hired slaves did not earn money.
A slave is a capital item, an asset which belongs to an organisation that is permanent as long as the slave exists. Thus, there is a difference between the value of the slave and employee.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Overwork rate of pay defined free labour pay rate! (ie., 40¢/cord of wood)
Kramer's explanation for the Civil War- a slave who took a vacation day got paid the same amount a free labourer got on a regular day.
For instance, Slave and White Worker were equal. The Yankees were vexed, fearing that they would have to compete with the wages of slave labourers
The cost creates parity when the two are equal.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The end of slavery begins with the Mexican War in 1836
The question "What shall be the slavery future after the Louisiana Purchase?"
Dred Scott - Slaves are nationally portable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st permanent settlement-1607
1st African servants- 1619
Institution of slavery- 1660
Preference of Blacks to White servants, Indentureds- 1680 |
|
|
