Term
| After a neurotransmitter is released, what three things can happen to it? |
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Definition
if it is in a hurry, it will diffuse out of the cleft
An active transport mechanism may suck it up into surrounding cells
Enzymes in the synaptic cleft may degrade it very quickly |
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Term
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Definition
| A nervous system disorder, 1% of the population suffers from it... have hallucinations and delusions...treatments for schizophrenia work by blocking receptors |
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Term
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Definition
not the same as dementia, it is a nervous system disorder
neurofibrillay tangles and amyloid plaques, you get a mutant form of Tau protein which causes unusual cytoskeleton structure building so axons don't go where they are supposed to |
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Term
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Definition
tremor of the limbs, nervous system disorder, dopamine dies prematurely
Can be treated by using L-DOPA which gets converted into dopamine... can't straight up use dopamine because it can't get across the blood-brain barrier |
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Term
| Out of the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system, which one has the ability to repair itself? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many times can cells divide? |
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Definition
| an unlimited amount of times, except for cancer cells |
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Term
animals must defend themselves from many pathogens in the environment. What are the 3 R's that help them do this?
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Definition
Reconnaissance
Recognition (difference between foreign things and things that belong there)
Response (ignoring the good stuff, killing the bad) |
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Term
| What happens if innate immunity is not strong enough to fend off the pathogens? |
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Definition
| the acquired immunity kicks in (it is slower and more specific) |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease causing organism, some are sophisticated and can get past the defences and reach acquired immunity |
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Term
| Why is skin a barrier to viruses? |
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Definition
the outside of skin is dead cells and viruses can't survive in those cells. acidic enough to prevent colonization of many microbes
Skin includes proteins such as lysozyme which digests the cell walls of many bacteria
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Term
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Definition
white blood cells!
They ingest invading microorganisms and stimulate the inflammatory response |
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Term
| What happens when inflammatory response is stimulated? |
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Definition
| Neutrophils and macrophages attach to their prey via the surface, engulf them, form a vacuole that fuses with a lysosome and then the phago-lysosome digests its contents |
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Term
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Definition
| the only non-sex cell you can look at and see the sex of the person |
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Term
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Definition
| a phagocytic cell that has protein receptors on its surface that recognize foreign things, they exist in tissues... when they are in blood they are called monocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| has about 30 proteins involved in cascades that attach to the surface of foreign substances and punch holes in the their membranes. this makes foreign things more obvious to the immune system which helps to trigger inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
a family of proteins that cells make in response to viral infection, they turn off neighboring cells to make them unattractive to viruses,
involved in cancer defense |
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Term
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Definition
injured cells release histamine
o Inflammation is a response to cell damage when blood vessels dilate and become leaky so they allow more fluid, phagocytes etc to beat them up
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