Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| % of cardiac output that goes to major organs? |
|
Definition
Kidney 25%
Brain 15%
Heart 5% |
|
|
Term
| How is diastolic filling time determined? How does it affect CO? |
|
Definition
-determined by HR
-CO increased up to 120-130 HR, then starts to dec due to inadequate filling time |
|
|
Term
| What is Preload directly related to? |
|
Definition
LV end diastolic pressure
(which is related to LV EDVolume) |
|
|
Term
| effect of atrial contraction on LV EDV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Anrep effect =
Bowditch effect = |
|
Definition
Inc myocardial contractility w/
...inc afterload
...inc HR |
|
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Term
|
Definition
greater the LVEDV, the greater the EF
*up to a certain point* |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
= CO x CaO2 x 10
*CaO2 = arterial oxygen content
*CaO2 = [Hgb x 1.34 x O2 sat + (pO2 x 0.003)] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
= CO x (CaO2-CvO2)
CvO2 = venous O2 content |
|
|
Term
| what is the normal O2 delivery to consumption ratio? |
|
Definition
4:1 (4x more O2 delivered than consumed)
*25% utilized*
*SvO2 = 75%* |
|
|
Term
O2 Hgb curve
-right vs left shift factors |
|
Definition
1. right = O2 unloading
-INC CO2, temp, ATP, 2-3DPG, H+ (dec pH)
-methemoglobinemia
2. left = hang on to O2
-opposite above, fetal Hgb, CO poisoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O2 at which 50% fo O2 receptors are saturated
-27 mmHg |
|
|
Term
| most important determinant of myocardial O2 consumption? |
|
Definition
Wall tension
(next is heart rate) |
|
|
Term
Bronchial blood flow
-how does it affect blood pO2? |
|
Definition
after supplying bronchus/lung tissue, empties into pulm veins..
-thus LV blood pO2 is 5 mmHg lower than pulm capillaries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Coronary sinus blood
-what is the venous O2 saturation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| highest venous O2 saturation in body? |
|
Definition
80%
*receives 25% of CO but has low O2 extraction* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nail polish, dark skin, low CO, ambient light, low Hct, hypothermia, carbon monoxide |
|
|
Term
| PA cath distances to wedge? |
|
Definition
R SVC 45 cm
R IJ 50 cm
L SVC 55 cm
L IJ 60 cm
(if much longer...either wrong place or has loop) |
|
|
Term
| optimal lung placement for PA cath? |
|
Definition
Zone 3 (lower lobes)
*less resp influence* |
|
|
Term
| when are wedge pressures taken? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sign that you are PA cath in correct place? |
|
Definition
-appearance of dicrotic notch
-inc in diastolic pressure |
|
|
Term
| absolute C.I. to PA cath placement |
|
Definition
-right side endocarditis
-right sided thrombus
-right mechanical heart valve |
|
|
Term
| PEEP effect on wedge pressure? |
|
Definition
IF PEEP over 10
-subtract 1/2 PEEP from wedge IF PEEP over 10 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CO 4-8 L/min
CI = 2.5-4 L/min
SVR = 8000-1400 (1100)
wedge = 7-11
CVP 3-7
SvO2 = 75% +/- 5 |
|
|
Term
Hemorrhagic shock
-Dec vs Inc hemydynamic variables |
|
Definition
Dec CVP/Wedge, SvO2, CI
Inc SVR |
|
|
Term
-Dec vs Inc hemydynamic variables
Septis shock |
|
Definition
Dec CVP/Wedge, SVR
inc CI, SvO2 (hyperdynamic) |
|
|
Term
-Dec vs Inc hemydynamic variables
Cardiogenic |
|
Definition
Dec CI, SvO2
Inc CVP/wedge, SVR |
|
|
Term
-Dec vs Inc hemydynamic variables
tamponade |
|
Definition
Dec CI, SvO2
Inc CVP/wedge, SVR |
|
|
Term
-Dec vs Inc hemydynamic variables
Neurogenic shock |
|
Definition
Dec SVR, CVP/Wedge, CI
Inc SvO2 |
|
|
Term
-Dec vs Inc hemydynamic variables
Adrenal insuff |
|
Definition
| Dec: CVP/Wedge, CI, SVR, SVO2 |
|
|
Term
-Dec vs Inc hemydynamic variables
PE |
|
Definition
Dec CI, SvO2
Inc CVP/Wedge, SVR |
|
|
Term
| initial response to hemorrhagic shock? |
|
Definition
| increased diastolic pressure |
|
|
Term
| common early sign just before clinical sepsis? |
|
Definition
hyperglycemia
early: impaired utilization
late: insulin resistance |
|
|
Term
cardiogenic shock w/high MAP
-tx? |
|
Definition
| lasix to dec preload, pulm congestion, over-distension (which worsens contractility) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HypoTN
JVD
Muffled heart sounds |
|
|
Term
| First ECHO sign of tamponade? |
|
Definition
| impaired diastolic filling of RA |
|
|
Term
| how to be sure pericardiocentesis is pericardial blood? |
|
Definition
| pericardial blood does NOT clot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HypoTN, Bradycardia, warm extremities
-dec SVR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. give volume (CVP 8-12, wedge 16-18)
2. phenyl to raise SVR |
|
|
Term
| interp of ACTH stim test? |
|
Definition
+ve cosyntropin test =
1. cortisol < 15 OR
2. change < 9 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Dexamethasone + fludrocortisone
*give these BEFORE stim test, as they don't interfere w/results*
-Volume |
|
|
Term
| Relative potency of different steroids? |
|
Definition
1x = cortisone, hydrocortisone
5x = prednisone, prednisolone, Me-pred
30x = dexamethasone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dexamethasone
30x cortisone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| possible sign of PE in intubated pt? |
|
Definition
sudden dec in ET-CO2
-resp alkalosis due to tachypnea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| % pts with PE that have negative LE duplex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
80 u/kg bolus
18 u/kg/hr gtt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vasoconstrict
gluconeogen, glycogenolysis
(phospholipase medatied) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
venous vasoconstrictor
(dec cAMP = dec Ca) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inc contractility
inc HR
(inc cAMP mediated) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vaso/bronchodilat
inc glucagon, renin
(cAMP mediated) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inc renal blood flow
?inc splanchnic flow? |
|
|
Term
| Vasopressin receptor location/effects? |
|
Definition
V1 = vascular smooth muscle, constriction
V2 = collecting ducts, water resporption
V3 = endothelium, F8 and vWF release |
|
|
Term
Nitric oxide precursor?
-mech? |
|
Definition
Arginine (nitric oxide synthetase)
NO acts on guanylate cyclase to in cGMP ==>dilation of BV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. blocks angiotensin 2 formation
--> dec BP, dec aldost, dec Vaso release |
|
|
Term
| prostacyclin vs endothelin receptor on pulm function? |
|
Definition
prostacyclin = pulm vasodilation
Endothelin = pulm vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| inotropes that direclty inc cAMP |
|
Definition
Dopamine
Dobutamine
Epi
Isoproterenol |
|
|
Term
| Dopamine effect based on dose (mcg/kg/min) |
|
Definition
Low = 1-5 = DA receptors
mid = 6-10 = beta 1+2 (contractility, HR)
high = >10 = alpha-1 vasoconstrict |
|
|
Term
Dobutamine
-receptor target? |
|
Definition
Beta-1 (contractility)
*some beta 2 (dilation) at high dose >15* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PDE inhibitor (inc cAMP = inc Ca)
*also vasodilator* |
|
|
Term
| good inotrope for long-term use? |
|
Definition
Milrinone
-not subject to beta-receptor down-reg |
|
|
Term
isoproterenol
-receptor targets
-SE? |
|
Definition
Beta 1+2: inc HR, contractility + V.dilate
SE = Arrhythmogenic, inc heart metabolic demand. might actually dec BP via B2 |
|
|
Term
| which pressors are also inotropes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
phenylephrine
receptor target |
|
Definition
| alpha 1 (vasoconstriction) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha 1 + 2
some beta 1
*potent splanchnic vasocosntrictor* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low dose (1-5 mcg/min) = Beta 1+2
high = >5 = alpha 1+2
*at low doses..beta 2>1 = lowers BP* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
arrhythmogenic
high O2 demand
low doses: Beta 2>1 = hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
V1 receptors
-0.01-0.1 U.min = vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -NO mediated vasodilation (arterial>>>venous) |
|
|
Term
nipride cyanide toxicity risk factors?
-what labs to get/characteristic results?
-pphys |
|
Definition
-nipride > 3 ug/kg/min x 72 hrs
-get gas (met acid), thiocyanate level
-Inc SVO2 (L->R shunt) due to ETC disruption (cyanide binds cytochrome C) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amytl nitrite f/b sodium nitrite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NO mediated venodilation (minimal arterial)
-dec myocardial wall tension 2/2 dec preload |
|
|
Term
| benefits of ACE-I post MI? |
|
Definition
dec mortality
dec CHF development |
|
|
Term
ACE-I
absolute contraindications |
|
Definition
hx angioedema
renal artery stenosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
fenoldopam
-receptor target
-effect |
|
Definition
DA-1A receptor
-art vasodilator (w/reflex tachy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st = alpha 1 blk
2nd = beta 1 block, beta-2 agonist
*dec MAP w/out altering HR/CO* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pulm vasodilation
-blocks endothelin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NO mediated pulm vasodilation
(soluble guanylate cyclase) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflation on T wave (diastole)
deflation on P wave/start of Q wave (systole) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| just distal to left Subclav artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. inc MAP (inflates during ventric diast)
2. inc coronary perfusion (Coronarys fill in diastole)
3. dec afterload (deflates during sys) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. cardiogenic shock s/p MI
2. vent septal ruptuer
3. acute MR (ex rupt. pap m)
4. USAngina
5. pre-op cardiac surg w/low EF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aortic regurg
aortic dissection
severe AI occlusive DZ
(relative CI = aortic graft, aneurysm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-meds: amio, fluoroquinolones, others
-lytes: hypoMG |
|
|
Term
cardiac sugery post-op a-fib
-% in sinus by 6 week? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Afib
-AC and cardioversion rec? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
epi 1 mg
vaso 40 units
amio 300 mg (150 mg 2nd dose)
-----
atropine 1 mg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hypovolemia, hypoxia, H+, Hypo/HyperK, Hypothermia
Tension ptx, Tamponade, Toxins, Thrombosis (PE), Thrombosis (coronary) |
|
|
Term
| Good initial step vs PEA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Epicardial pacer
nomenclature->what each letter means |
|
Definition
1st letter = which chamber is paced
2nd = which chamber is sensed
3rd = response to sensed beat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
D = dual
senses both, paces both, inhibits/triggers
* i = just inhibits* |
|
|
Term
epicardial pacers
-myopotential inhibition = |
|
Definition
-sensitivity too high (picking up background noise)
-->turn sensitivity down
**pacing too much = sensitivity too low = turn it up*** |
|
|
Term
| Which renal limb controls GFR? |
|
Definition
| efferent (leaving glomerulus) |
|
|
Term
| what causes renin release? |
|
Definition
-dec pressure (sensed by JGA)
-inc Na (sensed by macula densa)
*others: beta 2 stim, hyperK* |
|
|
Term
| inhibition of renin release? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
convert angiotension to angiontensin 1
*angiotensin synth in liver* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-lung
-convert ang I-->ang II
*also breaksdown bradyK* |
|
|
Term
angiotensin II
-primary vs secondary effects |
|
Definition
-primary: aldost release from adrnl cortex
-2ndry:
vasocontrict, inc symp tone, ADH release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. activate Na/K ATPase @ DCT
= Na/water reab + K excretion
2. activate Na/He xchanger->H+ excretion
-->met alkalosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collecting ducts (water reab) |
|
|
Term
ANP
-mech of release
-effects |
|
Definition
atrial distension (vol overload) = release from atrial wall
-inhib Na/water reab @ CD
-vasodilate
-inhib renin/aldosterone production |
|
|
Term
mech of kidney injury from..
1.NSAID
2.Aminoglycosides
3.dye
4.myoglobin |
|
Definition
1. --|prostaglandin = arteriole v.constrict
2-4. direct tubule injury |
|
|
Term
mech of kidney injury from..
1.NSAID
2.Aminoglycosides
3.dye
4.myoglobin |
|
Definition
1. --|prostaglandin = arteriole v.constrict
2-4. direct tubule injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hct inc 5-8 per liter taken off |
|
|
Term
| Contrast dye prep protocol |
|
Definition
1. HYDRATE (most protective measure)
2. N acetylcysteine (600 PO BID day before)
3. bicarb gtt (1 hr before-->6 hr after)
4. Hold ACE/ARB/NSAIDs/diuretics
5. minimize contrast vol, use isosmolar soln |
|
|
Term
| cause of MRI induced renal fail? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
mech of myoglobin toxicity?
tx |
|
Definition
1. converted to renal toxic metab ferrihemate in acidic env
*tx bicarb gtt (alkalinize urine) + IVF* |
|
|
Term
| IVF to avoid in chronic renal failure? |
|
Definition
LR (has too much K)
*use NS* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
= Urine Na/Cr / plasma Na/Cr
(ratio of urine to plasma Na/Cr) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pre-renal = < 1 %
Renal = > 2% |
|
|
Term
| labs suggesting pre-renal etiology/ |
|
Definition
FeNa<1%
Urine Na < 20
BUN/Cr > 20
Urine osm > 500 mOsm (concentrated) |
|
|
Term
| MCC renal ATN in peri-op settings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MCC..
-poor post-op UOP
-post-op ARF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| total lung capacity = FVC + RV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Forced vital capacity
-vol of air w/max exhalation after max inhalation |
|
|
Term
Residual volume =
what % of lung volume does it account for? |
|
Definition
vol after max expiration
= 20% of lung volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
functional residual capacity
= lung vol after normal exhale
= ERV + RV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exp reserve vol = volume of air expired AFTER normal expiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vol of air inhaled after normal exhale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forced exp vol in 1 second after max inhale |
|
|
Term
| minute ventilation equation = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lung compliance equation = |
|
Definition
| change in lung vol/change in lung pressure |
|
|
Term
| area of highest V/q ratio? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
dead space definition
-normal vol? |
|
Definition
lung that is ventilated but not perfused
-150 cc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dec Cardiac output = capillary collapse
-PE, pulm HTN, ARDS (cap compression)
-Excessive PEEP (cap compessed) |
|
|
Term
| reflection of inc dead space on labs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| poor ventilation but GOOD perfusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lung volumes
-restrictive vs obstructive pattern |
|
Definition
Restrictive: dec TLC, RV, FVC
Obstructive: Inc TLC, RV. Dec FEV1 |
|
|
Term
Lung volumes
Changes w/obesity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypoxia
acidosis
histamine, serotonin, thromboxane
epi, NE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nipride, nitroglycerin, nifedipine
-->manifests as hypoxia |
|
|
Term
Normal IE ratio?
-vent changes w/ARDS? |
|
Definition
1:3
inc I time with ARDS to improve oxygenation |
|
|
Term
| pphys of fever w/atelectasis? |
|
Definition
| IL-1 release from pulm macrophages |
|
|
Term
| how does inc PEEP increase oxygenation? |
|
Definition
by improving FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY
*better at improving pO2 than inf FiO2* |
|
|
Term
| FiO2 goal to dec O2 radical tox?> |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hemodynamic effects of inc PEEP? |
|
Definition
dec CO 2/2..
dec RA filling
inc pulm vascular resistance ->dec LA filling |
|
|
Term
| how does pressure support work? |
|
Definition
dec work of breathing
-inspiratory pressure held constant until minimum tidal volume met |
|
|
Term
| how to prevent barotrauma? |
|
Definition
keep plateau pressure < 30 (most impt)
keep peak pressure < 50 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. neg insp force > 20
2. FiO2 < 40, PEEP 5, PS 5
3. Rapid shallow breathing index < 105
*RR/TV*
*>105 -->95% fail* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MePred 20 mg IV q 12 before ext
-check for airleak |
|
|
Term
| preload changes with mechanical ventilation? |
|
Definition
inspiratoin = dec BP 2/2 dec venous return
-SVC + IVC compression (dec RA return)
-pulm cap compression (dec LV preload)
**OPPOSITE OF NORMAL PHYSIO** |
|
|
Term
| common scenario for use of high freq ventilation? |
|
Definition
in peds..
TE fistula, BP fistula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. parenchymal damage/small airway collapse
-->air trapping
2. chronic bronchitis |
|
|
Term
| tx found to inc COPD survival long term? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interruption of expiration before alveolar pressure falls to pATM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RV hypertrophy/dysfunction
-cor pulmonale |
|
|
Term
| normal % of VO2 accounted for by work of breathing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-O2, nebs, inhaled steroids +/- PO/IV
-amoxicillin
-NIPPV |
|
|
Term
| best esophagectomy approach in pt with bad COPD? |
|
Definition
trans-hiatal
-avoid thoracotomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
direct: pna 40%, asp 15%
indirect: MCC sepsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. acute
2. bilateral diffuse patchy CXR
3. Wedge < 18
4. PO2/FiO2 < 300 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -proteinaceous exudate (not diagnostic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increase I time
-increases oxygenation at expense of PERMISSIVE HYPERCAPNEA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pH>7.3
PO2 > 60, Sat > 92
permissive hypercapnea
tidal vol 6-8 cc/kg
P plateau < 30 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
new infiltate, Fever, purulent sputum
*>48 hrs on vent* |
|
|
Term
-Mediators of SIRS?
-most potent SIRS stimulator? |
|
Definition
TNF-alpha, IL-1
*GNR endotoxin (lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide) = most potent stimulator** |
|
|
Term
| most potent TNF alpha trigger? |
|
Definition
| Lipid A portion of LPS endotoxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mill wheel murmur
sudden dec ET-CO2, hypoTN, tachy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
trendelenburg, left lateral decub (keep it in right heart)
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-petechiae, hypoxia, AMS
-sudan red stain: fat in sputum, urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LE fx/ortho surg
-hip/femur |
|
|
Term
| MC timing of ICU delirium ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factors that preclude brain death dx? |
|
Definition
-Uremia
-Temp <32
-hypoTN < 70/40
-desat w/apnea test
-drugs/meds/metabolic issues |
|
|
Term
| requirements for brain death dx? |
|
Definition
-2 physician exams
-silent EEG
-MRA with no flow
-6 to 12 hours of...
1. no pain response
2. no cold oculovestibular reflex
3. no oculocephalic reflex (dolls eye)
4. +ve apnea test
5. no corneal reflex
6. no gag reflex
7. fixed, dilated pupils |
|
|
Term
how to perform/interp apnea test?
-when to terminate test? |
|
Definition
1. Pre-oxygenate, then disconnect from vent
2. +ve if CO2>60 OR inc bhy 20
**terminated if Psys<60 or desat** |
|
|
Term
| exam finding still +ve with brain death? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abd compartment syndrome bladder pressure/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| needle shaped negatively birifringent crystals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-acute: indomethacin, cochicine, naproxen, steroids
- |
|
|
Term
QT interval
-normal values vs abn/ |
|
Definition
-prolonged= >440ms men, >460ms in women
*QTc> 500 = inc risk of torsades
*QTc is abn short if < 350ms |
|
|
Term
| PPhys of carbon monoxide poisoning/ |
|
Definition
CarboxyHgb has 250x affinity for Hgb vs O2
=left shift @ dissociation curve |
|
|
Term
Carbon monoxide poisoning
-dx
tx |
|
Definition
-falsely elevated sat
-carboxyHgb levels >10% (>20% in smokers)
*tx = 100% O2 +/- hyperbaric O2* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. O2 carrying Fe2+ (ferous)
2. oxidized to Fe3+ (ferric) = methemoglobin ==>right shift = O2 cant bind |
|
|
Term
Methemoglobinemia
1. causes
2. sxs
3. tx |
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Definition
1.causes: benzocaine (hurrcaine spray), dapsone, fertilizers
*ALL = OXIDIZING AGENTS*
2. low O2 sat of 85%
3. O2 + MeBlue (1mg/kg-->restores Fe to ferrous/reduced state) |
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Term
Critical illness polyneuropathy
-sxs
-rf
-clinical sig in ICU |
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Definition
-motor>sensory
-RF = ARDS, sepsis, steroids, SIRS, paralytics, hyperglycemia
*can -->diffiuclty weaning* |
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Term
| enzyme that forms O2 radicals? |
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Definition
xanthine oxidase
-endothelial cells
*normally metabolized purines->uric acid* |
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Term
| physio variables inc w/CO2 pneumoperitoneum? |
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Definition
-pulm art pressure, pulm vasc resistance
-HR
-SVR, VCP, Mean airway presure, PIP,
-CO2 (can dec contractility) |
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Term
| physio variables dec w/CO2 pneumoperitoneum? |
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Definition
-pH, venous return, renal flow
-cardiac output |
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Term
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Definition
B mode = brightness (assess relative density)
Duplex = B mode + doppler |
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Term
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Definition
| lower freq = deep structures, less resolution |
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Term
Harmonic scalpel
-how it works? |
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Definition
| disrupt protein hydrogen bonds |
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Term
Argon beam
-mech?
-good use? |
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Definition
causes superficial coagulation
-is non-contract-->use for liver/spleen |
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Term
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Definition
0.5 mm
(wear mask if used vs condylomata ccuminata) |
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Term
| incidence of injury w/Verres? |
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Definition
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Term
Gortex vs Dacron
-major difference/ |
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Definition
Gortex DOES NOT allow fibroblast in-growth
*Dacron Does* |
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