Goal: stabalize co2 atmospheric concentrations at a level that will prevent dangerous climate change.

:limit the impact of climate change

1.) Allow ecosystems to adapt naturally

2.) ensure food production is not threatened

3.) to enable economic developement to proceed in a sustainable manner

1.) evaluate best information

2.) take into count uncertainty and risk

3.) make value judgements based apon moral and ethical issues

storms=obstacles to our ability to act morally/ethically

Related to climate change inertia; assymentry of power in pollitical world

nations benifetting most from emmisions hold most of power

Nations that leave less of an impact, old least power, most vulnerable

Tragedy of the commons

cost of climate mitigation born by current generations; worst of impacts by future generations; future generations no power today

current gerneations harming future generations

current generations foreclosing options for future generations; tipping points

EU and USA are responsible for 54% of emissions through 2007

china is 10%

Over 130 small nations not on figure

(developing countries)

responsibility is shifting to developing natons

warming has inatesified hydrolic cycle.

(Berry Bonds steroids anolgy)

increase in frequency and severity of extreme weather events

temp increase, increases evaporatio: initiates water power amplifying feedback

4% water vapor in atmosphere

equals greater amount of precipitation

prolonged droughts

commited to 1.3, at about .8 as of right now

floods and landslides increase by 6.6 per year

storms have increased by 5 per year

severe heat increased by 2.4 per year

increased by 14 each year, has doubled

heat wave much more extreme

global warming increased it by 80%

56,000 more people died

banned grain exports

raised food security issues

small change in a forcing agent triggers an abrupt change in the earths climate that leads to a change in state.

abrupt changes cannot be reversed

tipping points examples

early warnings

boreal forest die back

melting of greenland sheet

artic sea ice sheet loss

permafrost and tundra loss

of, relating to, or belonging to or charastoristic of a city or a town or of people living in a city or town

population of at least 50,000

80% of residents in lower 48 states live in these areas

urban has increased more than rural within the past years

inners

suburbs

rural interface

higher density of larger (often tall buildings)

pavement parking lots and other impervious structures

lower plant densities

fewer tall buildings more sprawling, shopping centers

resedential areas

lawn and oremental decorations

remnant natural areas and nautre preserves

lower dencities of people, homes and businesses

often a mix agricutlure and "working" forests

In the "cross hairs"

climate

Soils

Streams

Plants

Forests

ANimals

Landscaoe complex

People

Higher temp in urban

Altered wind environment

polluted air

more precipitation

reduced sun light

Heavily disturbed

Top soil disturbed

low organic/nutrients

warmer

reduced bank vegetation

(erosion)

High sediment loads

more oranmental plants

(often exotic and invasive)

specimen plantings

small to medium patches invaded/exotic

fragmented

hard edges

specialists (uncommon)

generalists (common)

some are very abundant and productive

Managing wildlife in urban?

porque???

a new frontier

potential for loss

potential for gain

nanagemnet oppurtunities and abstacles are unique

new oppurtunity to learn how animals adapt (or fail to adapt) to rapidly changing environments

cost some cash money

caching caching

$$$$$

lots of room for improving habbitat conditions

management outcomes readily visible

Urbanities desperatly need positive eposure to wildlife and especially managed wildlife

nonurban areas and management practices are left in the hands of the voters

more so urban voters than rural. Has changed over time

ocean 96.5%

fresh water 2.5%

glaceirs and icecaps 68.6%

groundwater 30.1%

surface 1.3%

ice and snow 73.1%

lakes 20.1%

-loss of water

crop irrigation

industrail uses

domestic

recreation

navigation

pollutant dilution

hydropower

maintanace of aquatic ecosystems

ground water depletion

diversion projects

social justice issues

only half is reusable

may be due to salination

water quantity in central wisconsin

pysical water scarcity in arid regions, not enough to meet needs

colorado river

economic water scarcity access to water is limited even though there is enough of human needs

privatization

one in eight dont have access to clean drinking water

2.5 lack sanitation

3 million people die per year

2840 cubic meter/person/year

4000 to 18000 gallons of water to make a hamburger

support payment from the federal government to agribusiness and farmers

began during the great depression

agricultural adjustment act of 1933

today garenteed price-federal tax dollars (you and me pay) make up the difference between price floor and market price

why?

mitigate effects of dissaster

(yeilds flucuate)

manage food supply

(ensure steady supply of comodities-basic crops always grown)

agriculture subsidies

controversal

subsidies are controversal

small farms very rare

now large corporate famrs lobbying power

only 2%of population

land use intensity

low intensity-farmland, parks, green space

high intensity

urban suburban, industrial, commercial

low intensity assosciated with

ecosystem services

less need for service

provides aestetics/ecosystem

potential for fragmentation and habbitat loss

exurban developement

decrease in permeable surface

fragmentation and loss pf habitat

stream degradation

less land use

less energy use

denser living

access to transportation

regional planning and smart growth- benefiets of high intensity

mixed use

conserves space

infill developement/brownfeild developement

1. harmony of space with nature

1. support and protect of natural processes-greenways

2. Economic benefits

1. to communities

2. how to quantify?

3. livable built environments

1. preserve community charactoristics

2. pedestrain friendly

3. recreation oppurtunities