According to lecture, how can femininity be used strategically by women action heroes? What is dual drag?

Heroines’ body is seen as functional, not decorative. Her body is a weapon, strong and competent.

-       Dual drag to undermine gender binary (moves between masculine and feminine)

-       Some say that it's a way to include "tits and ass" into an action area

-       Doing drag destabilizes the naturalness of gender issues

What did Taylor and Setters find when they studied the impact of representations of attractive, aggressive women protagonists on gender role expectations?

What is hegemonic femininity according to Finley and what is its relationship to hegemonic masculinity?

It is the the complement to hegemonic masculinity.

Definition = "...the form that legitimates a hierarchical and complementary relationship with hegemonic masculinity and thus sustains the current gender order."

 - see definition above in terms section...

How do women in roller derby use pariah, alternative, and traditional femininities to gender maneuver? How does this connect to the larger gender order?

- Just as there are hierarchies between men and women, there are hierarchies among only women as well. Roller derby girls manipulate different femininities to establish dominance over other femininities and to challenge masculinity. They embrace aspects of pariah femininity and use those characteristics to form a dominant alternative femininity with a social setting. The derby setting allows women to challenge male dominance by participating in a male characterized sport while simultaneously embodying feminized practices by maneuvering through different femininities. Derby girls gender maneuver to challenge notions about female athletics and to establish their own alternative femininity. The Derby Girl’s alternative femininity mocks and pokes fun at traditional male sports by showing that they, as females, can play tough sports too, while at the same time they maintain their “Girliness” by wearing bows and creating sex appeal.

What makes roller derby a type of gender maneuvering?

o   neither genders are more dominant over the other

o   purposely do both

o   "bitch" and "slut" mean something else in their culture

o   distance self from feminized sports

o   not trying to be gender neutral

o   intentionally feminizing the tough athlete

o   panties showing with aggressive works on it

o   mock feminine modesty and combine with their masculine behavior?

Derby girls PURPOSEFULLY do gender-both femininity and masculinity (*femininity: way of dressing, names’ ex. “mizz conduct,”  pin-up/retro fems. *masculinity: wrestling, fighting, profanity, “derby wives,” bruises= badge of honor). They are NOT trying to be gender neutral, but instead they are preforming ALTERNATIVE femininities. They CELEBRATE the pariah fem labels such as “the bitch,” or “the slut” ← in these ways, Derby girls gender maneuver. However, derby girls DO NOT challenge the hegemonic gender order; instead they reinforce it by 1. creating an alternative all women’s sport (as if to say women can’t play “real sports”) and 2. they leave their made up derby persona on the track--they do not challenge gender outside of Derby. ← cultural limitation.