Term
| Structure of a skeletal muscle |
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Definition
endomysium- each muscle FIBER surrounded by thin layer of connective tissue
perimysium- fascicle; group of muscle fibers/muscle cells
epimysium- most outer CT part...forms over coat of muscle and separates neighboring muscles...also continues past fleshy part of muscle to help form attachment to the bone |
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Term
| Random shit she says that's probably not going to be tested but I'm writing anyways |
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Definition
| All connective tissue layers are connected with e/o and attachment site of muscle' therefore when muscle contracts pull on CT layer which transmits force to bone to be moved |
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Term
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Definition
| contains the blood vessels and the nerves to a muscle |
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Term
what is important to contracting muscles
what is the role of the vein?
what is innervation? |
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Definition
blood supply
-need continuous delivery of oxygen and nutrients which is provided by arterial supply by the muscle
-veins remove waste product produced by muscle
- each muscle has specific blood supply
-nerve supply is important for activity of muscle
-innervation- nerve supplies each muscle; normally muscle supplied by 1 nerve, same nerve may supply several muscles |
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Term
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Definition
for muscle to work must be attached to bones
-tendons
-aponeurosis
-fleshy attachments
- dermal attachments |
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Term
| groups of muscle fibers covered by endomysium bound together to form fasicles;connected to CT perimysium; which is held by epimysium covers entire muscle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
extension of CT SHEATHS FORMING A CORD LIKE ATTACHMENT to a BONE
attaches to outer cover of bone (PERIOSTEUM)
-site of tendon marked by TUBERCLE :) |
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Term
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Definition
-broad sheet of CT to attach muscle
- forms ridge like or line on skeletal structure
-may attach to deep surface of skin/dermis
- palmar aponeurosis |
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Term
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Definition
muscle fibers continue almost to the bone, very little connective tissue
skeleton is smooth because forces are widely distributed along attachment site, rather than on one particular location |
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Term
| dermal attachment (where is it found) |
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Definition
attachment move skin
muscle fibers attach to the CT of the dermis of the skin
-muscles of facial expression |
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Term
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Definition
| long strap muscles, uniform width and parallel fascicle; small cross section; can spread over long distances and shorten more than others; since cross section is small it is weaker |
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Term
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Definition
feather shape fascicles insert OBLIQUELy on tendon that runs length of muscle
-unipennate- all fascicles attach to one side
-bipennate- 2 sides
-multipennate- feathers converge at single point greater strength of contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| broad origin and narrow insertion; muscles are strong all fasiclces exert tension on small insertion site |
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Term
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Definition
| form rings around body opening; orbicular oris closes eye |
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Term
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Definition
| thick in middle and taper on end; contraction is moderately strong |
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Term
| what gives muscle strength |
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Definition
cross sectional area
more muscle fibers |
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Term
| what happens to longer and parallel fibers |
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Definition
| easily shorten and usually not powerful because have small cross section |
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Term
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Definition
proximal attachment usually less moveable attachment
tendons are longer and attach to proximal bone of a joint |
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Term
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Definition
distal attachment usually the more freely moveable attachment
tendons are shorter |
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Term
| muscles must cross what in order to cause an action |
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Definition
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Term
| depending on the axis of the joint crossed or the side of the joint that the muscle crosses the movement is determined |
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Definition
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Term
| movement in the frontal plane |
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Definition
adduct/abduct
axis= anterior to posterior; sagittal plane |
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Term
| movement in sagittal plane |
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Definition
flex/extension
axis= medial to lateral; transverse plane |
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Term
| movement in transverse plane |
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Definition
rotation
axis is superior to inferior; frontal |
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Term
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Definition
elongated rigid object that rotates around a fixed point
bone |
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Term
| fulcrum/axis/pivot points |
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Definition
fixed point around which the levers will rotate (axis)
joints, diarthrodial |
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Term
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Definition
effort applied at one end of the lever to overcome a weight or load
muscle |
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Term
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Definition
the weight or resistance at some point of the lever that will be overcome by the force
gravity or other externally applied resistance (weights) |
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Term
| what happens a weight in hand |
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Definition
| increase resistance and force |
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Term
Classes of levers
what's in da middle?! |
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Definition
1st- fulcrum in the middle
2nd- load in the middle
3rd effort in the middle (most common)
(FLE) |
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Term
| example of first class lever |
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Definition
atlanto occipital joint
occipital condyles and atlas is the fulcrum
posterior neck muscles is force/effort |
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Term
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Definition
fulcrum- metatarsal phalangeal joint
ankle= load
achilles tendon= effort |
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Term
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Definition
effort applied between fulcrum and load
muscle attache to forearm DISTAL to the fulcrum/elbow joint
as effort contracts it moves load
effor in the middle |
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Term
| what are third class levers designed to do |
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Definition
increase speed and ROM of the distal end of the lever
achieve our objective to move through space |
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Term
| what are the names of the functional groups of skeletal muscles |
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Definition
prime mover or agonist
antatgonist
synergist
fixators or stabilizer |
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Term
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Definition
| most effective in causing the movement |
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Term
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Definition
| opposite of the agonist, reverse movement |
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Term
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Definition
helps prime mover and reduces undesirable movement that may occur one or more muscles
helps prime mover by adding force to same movement and reduces undesirable movement that may occur
flexors of finger and wrist
involved in posture muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| anchors, steadies or supports a bone or body part so that an active muscle has a firm base on which to pull |
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Term
| Rhomboid major and minor action on the scapula |
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Definition
retract the scapular as agonists or prime movers
antagonists to the serratus anterior muscle which protracts the scapulla
stabilizers of the scapula to allow the levator scapula to extend the neck
synergistc to retraction of the scapula with the middle fibers of the trapezius |
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Term
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Definition
| the control of the somatic (body) motor system by the nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| descends from brain and ends at alpha motor neurons |
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Term
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Definition
has alpha motor cells?
cranial nerves from motor cells in brain stem move muscles of head and neck |
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Term
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Definition
alpha motor cells
spinal nerves from motor cells in spinal cord move muscles of body |
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Term
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Definition
| in frontal lobe of braine, directs all intentional/volitional movements |
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Term
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Definition
| motor neurons located in both the spinal cord and cranial nerve nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
sending info out
send message via cranial/spinaol nerves to muscles of head, neck body |
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Term
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Definition
| an alpha motor neurons and all the muscle fibers it innervates |
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Term
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Definition
motor nerve and motor endplate of muscle...nerve ending and the muscle fiber
connection made called synapse; nerve fiber coming in close contact to membrane of muscle cell itself
where motor nerve makes contact with muscle cell
motor end plate is the folded part of the muscle cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory feedback to the brain from the muscles...the sense of knowing where our body is in space via muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs |
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Term
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Definition
stretch receptors tell brain state of tension or muscle contraction
abundant in fine control |
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Term
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Definition
| located in tendon of muscles monitor pull/contraction of tendon |
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Term
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Definition
messages coming in/sensory
skeletal muscle sends message back via sensory track to brain |
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