Term
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Definition
| allows visualization of a specific protein or antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance/molecule/enzyme/toxin that stimulates an immune response in the body (particularly production of antibodies) |
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Term
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Definition
| a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities of the cell |
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Term
| Roles of the Cytoskeleton (3) |
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Definition
Mechanical support
Motility
Regulation |
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Term
| What are the three main types of fibers that make up the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
Microtubules
Microfilamnets
Intermediate filaments |
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Term
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Definition
Thickest of the components of the cytoskeleton.
Tubulin protein subunits
Functions - Maintenance of cell shape
-Cell motility
-chromosome movements in cell division
-Organelle movement |
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Term
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Definition
Two intertwined strands of actin, the thinnest components
Protein Subunits: actin
Main functions: -Maintenance of cell shape
-Changes in cell shape
-Muscle contraction
-Cytoplasmic streaming
-Cell motility
-Cell division |
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Term
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Definition
fibers with diameters in a middle range
proteins: one of several different proteins from the keratin family (fibrous)
-Maintenance of cell shape
Anchorage of nucleus and other organelles
Formation of nuclear lamina
-Stay on one place |
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Term
| What is the most permanent cytoskeleton fixture? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do intermediate filaments provide protection against? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 classes of intermediate filaments are found in the cytoplasm? |
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Definition
Keratin filaments (in epithelial cells)
Vimentin-related filaments (in connective tissue, muscle cells, and glial cells)
Neurofilaments (in nerve cells)
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Term
| What class of intermediate filaments is found in the cell nucleus? |
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Definition
| nuclear lamins (found all animal cells) |
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Term
| What are the three possible organizing centers a microtubule could extend from? |
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Definition
A centrosome of a cell in interphase
A spindle pole of a mitotic spindle of a cell that is dividing
A basal body of a cilium in a ciliated cell (permanent, on eucaryotic cells) |
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Term
| Which end of the microtubule is plus end and which is minus end? |
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Definition
the plus end: beta-tubulin end
the minus end: alpha-tubulin |
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Term
| Microtubules are built from what type of molecule? What are those molecules made of? |
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Definition
| molecules of tubulin which are dimers composed to alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin bound together with non-covalent bonds |
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Term
| In animal cells centrosomes contain a pair of ____. These structures are very similar to ___. |
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Definition
centrioles! (each with nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a ring)
basal bodies |
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Term
| The selective polarization of a cell can cause what? |
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Definition
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Term
| In nerve cells, all microtubules in the axon point in which direction? |
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Definition
| all in the same direction, with their plus ends toward the axon terminal |
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Term
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Definition
| use energy from repeated cycles of ATP hydrolysis to travel along the actin filament or microtubule in one direction |
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Term
| When the synaptic terminal of the motor neuron releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, what happens? |
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Definition
| it depolarizes the muscle which causes it to produce an action potential |
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