Term
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Definition
a substance with large molecules that attract and hold water
uniformly distributed
does not settle
ex. protoplasm of a cell |
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Term
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Definition
stable mixture of 2 substances
made up of solute, and solvent |
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Term
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Definition
Large particles that float in a liquid
Dispersion depends on physical agitation |
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Term
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Definition
| ease at which a solute dissolves into a solvent |
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Term
| What are factors that influence solubility? |
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Definition
Nature of the solute
Nature of the solvent
Temperature
Pressure |
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Term
| How does temperature influence solubility? |
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Definition
Solubility increases with temperature for solids.
for gases, solubility varies inversely (more gas dissolves in a liquid at lower temperature) |
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Term
| How does pressure influence solubility? |
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Definition
for gases, pressure and solubility are directly related
solids and liquids are not greatly affected |
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Term
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Definition
a small amount of solute (a weak solution)
Most solutions in the body are dilute |
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Term
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Definition
| maximum amount of solute in a solution at a constant temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| more solute that solution |
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Term
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Definition
| forced produced by solvent particles under certain conditions |
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Term
| What is a semipermeable membrane? |
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Definition
a membrane that allows passage of solvent molecules, but not solute
(diffusion) |
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Term
| What drives particles through a semi-permeable membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What influences osmostic pressure |
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Definition
(volume, temperature)
osmotic pressure depend on the number of particles in a solution, but not their charge. (2% solution has twice the amount of osmotic pressure as a 1% solution)
inversely proportional to the volume of a solvent
Varies directly with temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| osmotic pressure exerted by a solution |
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Term
How many liters of water does a 150lb man
have? |
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Definition
40L (10.5 gals)
25L inside the cells (6.6 gals)
15L outside the cells (3.9 gals) |
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Term
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Definition
Solutions that have equal tonicity
(normal saline 0.9%) |
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Term
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Definition
Solutions that have greater tonicity
For example, a 2% NaCl solution
Will draw water out of the cells |
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Term
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Definition
Solutions that have less tonicity
For example, 0.45% NaCl
• Will fill the cells with water |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| chemical substance that dissociates into ions when placed into a solution, becoming capable of conducting electricity |
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Term
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Definition
compound that yields H+ (protons)
when placed in an aqueous solution
compound that donates H+ |
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Term
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Definition
compound that yields hydroxyl ions
(OH-) when placed in an aqueous solution
A substance that can inactivate an acid;
Any compound that accepts a H+ |
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Term
| What are the seven major electrolytes |
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Definition
– Sodium (Na+)
– Chloride (Cl-)
– Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
– Potassium (K+)
– Calcium (Ca++)
– Magnesium (Mg++)
– Phosphorus (P) |
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Term
| How is water distributed in the body. |
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Definition
intra-cellular (2/3 total body water)
extra-cellular (1/3 total body water) |
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Term
| What 3 sub-compartments is extra-cellular divided into? |
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Definition
intra-vascular water (plasm)5% of body weight
interstitial water 15% of body weight
transcellular fluid (mucus, digestive juices) |
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Term
| Describe the characteristics of water in the human body. |
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Definition
45-80% of body weight is water (depending on age,
weight, gender)
– Lean people have greater water content
– Obese people have less water content
– Men have higher percentage of water than females
(females have higher percentage of adipose tissue)
– Total % body water in infants/children is higher than in
adults (+/- 80% of TBW in newborns is water) |
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Term
| what are prominent electrolytes found in extracellular fluid. |
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Definition
| calcium Chloride (Cl-) Bicarbonate (HCo3) |
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Term
| What are prominent electrolytes found in the intracellular fluid |
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Definition
potassium (K+) magnesium (Mg2+) Phosphate (HPo4,2-) Sulfate (SO4,2+)
(the cells pms, when theres an eletrolyte imbalance) |
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Term
| How is water lost from the body? |
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Definition
through the skin, kidneys, lungs, and GI tract
water lost from in infant can be twice that of an adult |
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Term
| how much water needs to be replenished in a patient with a fever. |
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Definition
| for each degree over 99 (over 24 hours) an additional 1000 ml is required |
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Term
| how much water can be lost through the respiratory tract. |
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Definition
| ave/day 200 ml - max/day 1500 ml |
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Term
| Describe the movement of fluids and solutes between capillaries and the interstitial space. |
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Definition
when hydrostatic pressure is greater fluid moves from capillaries to interstitial space.
When osmotic pressure is greater, fluid flows from interstial space to capillaries |
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Term
| What is hydrostatic pressure. |
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Definition
| pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity |
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Term
| Describe factors that affect hydrostatic pressure and what tendency does it have on fluids. |
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Definition
| BP, blood volume, gravity |
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Term
| Discuss capillary colloidal osmotic pressure. |
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Definition
| “pulling pressure” into a vessel; depends on protein concentration in liquid; higher protein content sucks more fluid into vessel; proteins cannot get out, drawing water towards capillaries |
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Term
| A balance between hydrostatic and osmotic pressure does what? |
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Definition
| Keeps water in appropriate compartment |
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Term
| water makes up what % of an individuals body weight? |
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Definition
| 45-80, depends on weight age gender and adipose tissue |
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Term
| What is the the function of the lymphatic system with regards to fluid movement. |
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Definition
| help remove excess fluid from interstitial spaces; very low pressure |
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Term
how does the alveolar interstitial areas of the lung remain relatively dry.
hydrostatic pressure |
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Definition
| simple diffusion removes excess fluids from interstitial spaces to lymphatic channels (prevents edema) |
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Term
| What is the NORMAL RANGE FOR SERUM SODIUM |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW IS SODIUM REABSORPTION IN KIDNEY IS REGULATED: |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE MOST PROMINENT ANION IN BODY |
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Definition
| (CL-) *usually excreted with K+ as KCl |
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Term
| NORMAL RANGE FOR SERUM CHLORIDE |
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Definition
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Term
| NORMAL RANGE FOR BICARBONATE |
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Definition
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Term
| ROLE OF BICARBONATE IN ACID BASE HOMEOSTASIS |
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Definition
| HCO3 is the primary means for transporting CO2 from tissue to the lungs |
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Term
| how do the kidneys react to acute respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. |
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Definition
| in acidosis they retain or produce HCO3 to buffer the additional acid caused by CO2 retention in alkalosis the opposite occurs |
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Term
| List the most prominent cation in the intracellular compartment. |
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Definition
| Potassium (K+), 98% found in cells |
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