Term
| steps involved in dermatologic diagnosis |
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Definition
visual examination
history
diagnostic tests |
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Term
| what to look for during visual examination |
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Definition
| lesion type, sequential lesions/secondary changes, shape, arrangement, distribution |
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Term
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Definition
circumscribed flat area of color change
any size or shape
only difference from surrounding skin is color |
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Term
| things that can result in macules |
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Definition
hyperpigmentation
hypopigmentation
vascular abnormalities
dilated capillaries
extravasated RBCs (bruise) |
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Term
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Definition
small <1cm circumscribed, solid elevation
projects above the level of the skin |
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Term
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Definition
circumscribed, solid elevation >1cm
surface area>>height above skin
ex: psoriasis |
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Term
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Definition
spherically enlarged papule with significant palpability
has length, width, depth to it
descriptors of nodules: firm soft, fixed, mobile, painfull/less |
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Term
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Definition
vesicle
bulla
pustule
separation in the skin, wall often thin allowing visualization of underlying fluid-type |
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Term
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Definition
small <0.5cm fluid filled lesion
fluid = serum, lymph, blood |
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Term
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Definition
larger >0.5cm fluid filled lesion
fluid = serum, lymph, blood |
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Term
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Definition
circumscribed, elevated lesion containing a purulent fluid (white,yellowish)
contains neutrophils +/- bacteria
PUS FILLED LESION |
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Term
| sequential lesions and secondary changes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
circumscribed, moist, depressed lesion
loss of epidermis
following rupture of vesicle or bulla, or after epidermal necrosis |
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Term
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Definition
dried serum, blood, or purulent exudate
thin/delicate or thick/adherent
commonly from injury, erosion, or infection |
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Term
lesion shape
vs.
lesion arrangement |
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Definition
shape: the morphology of the individual lesion
arrangement: how lesions are placed together
both use the same descriptors |
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Term
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Definition
suggests an outside/exogenous cause
i.e. scrape of poison ivy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
bulls eye
concentric rings |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
clusters of vesicles ("herpetiform")
lesions following along a dermatome ("dermatomal" or "zosteriform") |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| types of diagnostic tests |
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Definition
blood tests
cultures
KOH examination
Tzanck preparation
patch testing
skin biopsy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
most common bacterial skin infection in kids
non-bullous and bullous types
usually staph aureus (some strep pyogenes) |
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Term
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Definition
70% of all cases
red macule -> vesicle/pustule -> crust
*honey colored crust
affects nose, mouth, extremities, occurs at sites of trauma |
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Term
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Definition
all staph aureus
small vesicle -> bulla -> dry erosion (upon rupture)
face, truck, extremities
bullous lesions caused by toxin |
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Term
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Definition
"hot tub" folliculitis
follicular, erythematous papules and p ustules occur at site of exposure |
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Term
| lyme disease/erythema migrans |
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Definition
annular erythema as bite site
red macule -> papule -> expanding annular plaque
may be edematous, vesicular, or crusted |
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Term
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Definition
primary and recurrent grouped vesicular eruptions
most are asymptomatic
vesicles -> pustules or ulcerations -> crusts |
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Term
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Definition
"chicken pox"
transmission via airborne droplets or direct contact with vesicle fluid
infectious until all lesions are crusted
random pustules and crusts
red macules/papules -> vesicles -> pustules -> crusts
lesions present in all stages of development |
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Term
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Definition
"shingles"
coalescing grouped vesicles in a dermatomal pattern -> crusts |
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Term
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Definition
intial bright red macular erythema on cheeks -> lacy, reticular rash on extremities 1-4 days later
parovirus B19 infection |
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Term
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Definition
"swimmer's itch"
local inflammatory reaction of cercariae worms penetration of human skin causes erythematous papular eruption |
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Term
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Definition
linear/serpinginous lesion
papular/pustular eruption
interdigital webs, flexural wrists, axillae, behind ears, waist, ankles, feet, buttocks |
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Term
| brown recluse spider bite |
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Definition
dermonecrotic reaction through a toxic venom
dusky erythema -> erosion/ulceration |
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