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| Condition of having an excessive amount of hair. Term generally used to describe females who have tha adult male pattern of hair growth. Can be the result of a hormonal imbalance. |
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| radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU) |
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| Test in which radioactive iodine is taken orally (PO) or intravenously (IV). the amount that is eventually taken into the thyroid gland (The uptake) is measured to assist in determining thyroid function. |
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| one of the largest organs in the body and coordinates most body activities. |
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| each part of the brain is responsible for what? |
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for controlling different body functions, such as temperature regulation and breathing. |
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| there are four sections to the brain: |
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1.cerebrum, 2.cerebellum, 3.diencephalon, and 4.brain stem. |
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| the largest section of the brain is |
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cerebrum it is located in the upper portion of the brain and is the area that processes thoughts, judgment, memory, association skills, and the ability to discriminate between items. |
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| the outer layer of the cerebrum is the |
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| the cerebrum is subdivided into left and right halves called |
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| each hemishphere has four lobes which has their locations and functions are as follows: |
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Frontal lobe: most anterior portion of the cerebrum; controls motor funtion, personality, and speech. parietal lobe: The most superior portion of the cerebrum; receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors and interprets language. occipital lobe: the most posterior portion of the cerebrum; controls vision. Temporal lobe: the left and right lateral portion of the cerebrum; controls hearing and smell. |
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| the diencephalon, located below the cerebrum, contains two of the most critical areas of the brain, |
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| the thalamus and the hypothalamus. |
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| the thalamus is composed of |
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| gray matter and acts as a center for relaying impulses from the eyes, ears, and skin to the cerebrum. our pain perception is controlled by the thalamus. |
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| laying just below the thalmus, controls body temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emothios, such as fear. the hypothalamus is actually responsible for controlling the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal system, and the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. |
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| the second largest portion of the brain, is located beneath the posterior part of the cerebrum.This part of the brain aids in coordinating voluntary body movements and maintaining balance and equilibrium. the cerebellum refines the muscular movement that is initiated in the cerebrum. |
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the final portion if the brain. |
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| the brain stem area has three components: |
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Midbrain, Pons, and medulla oblongata. |
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| acts as a pathway for impulses to be conducted between the brain and the spinal cord. |
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| a term that means bridge connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain. |
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| the most inferior positioned portion of the brain; it connects the brain to the spinal cord.however, this vital area contains the centeres that control respiration, heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure. Additionally this is the site where nerve tracts cross from one side of the brain to contrrol functions and movement on the other side of the body |
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| the name means soft mother; it is the innermost membrane layer and is applied directly to the surface of the brain. |
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Cranial nerves name: the blue is to remamer the name s= sensory M=motor B= both |
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1, Olfactory: transports impuses for sense of smell ON Some 2.optic: carries impulses for secse of sight .OLD Say 3.oculomotor: motor impulses for eye muscle mocement and the puuil of eye OLYMPUS Marry 4. trochlear: controls oblique muscle of eye on each side. Towering Money 5. trigeminal: carries sensory facial imulses and controls muscles for chewing; branches ino eyes, forhead, upper and lower jaw. Tops But 6.adducens: controls an eyeball muscle to turn eye to side. A My 7. facial: controls facial nuscles for expression, salivation, and taste on two-thirds of tongue (anterior) Fin Brother 8.vestibulocochlear: responsible for impulses of equlibrium and haring; also called auditory nerve . VON Says 9.glossopharyngeal: carries sensory impulses from pharynx (swallowing) and taste on one-third of tongue. German Bad 10.vagus supplies most organs in abdominal and thoracic cavities VIEWED Business 11.accessory: controls the neck and shoulder muscles A Marries 12. hypoglossal: controls tongue muscles HOP Money |
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| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
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| Disease with muscular weakness and atrophy due to degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord. also called Lou Gehrig's disease, after the New York Yankees baseball player who died from the disease. |
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| durgs that produce a loss of sensation or a loss of consciousness. |
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| Afferent neurons, also called sensory neurons carry what? |
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| carry sensory information from a sensory receptor to the CNS. |
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neurolysis nerve destuction |
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| surgical repair of nerves |
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hemiplegia paralysis of half |
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dysphasia difficult speech |
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| injury to the brain that results from the brain being shakeninside the skull from a blow or impact. Can result in unconsciousness, dizziness, vomitting, unequal pupil size, and shock. symptoms last 24 hous or less. |
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Recording the electrical activity of the brain by placing electrodes at various positions on the scalp. Also used in sleep studies to determine if there is a normal pattern of activity during sleep. |
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| the endocrine system is collection of what? |
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| is a collection of glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream. |
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| the endocrine system is instrumental in maintaining what? |
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| homeostasis, that is adjusting the activity level of most of the tissues and organs of the body to maintain a stable internal environment. |
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| the body actually has two distinct types of glands: |
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| exocrine glands and endocrineglands |
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| release their secretions into a duct that carries them to the outside of the body. for example, sweat glands release sweat into a sweat duct that travels to the suface of the body. |
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Endocrine glands, release what? |
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| hormones directly into the bloodstream. the secretion of the thyroid gland directly enters the bloodstream. because they have no ducts, they are referred to as ductless glands. |
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| the endocrine system consists of the following glands: |
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adrenal glands, two ovaries in the female, four parathyroid glands, the pancreas, the pineal glands the pituitary gland, two testes gland, and the thyroid gland. the endocrine glands as a whole affect the functions of the entire body. |
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| the two adrenal glands are located which part of our body. |
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above each of the kidneys. . |
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| each adrenal glands is composed of two sections: |
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| adrenal cortex, and adrenal medulla. |
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| THE outer adrenal cortes manfuactures several different families of hormones: |
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mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and steroid sex hormones. howerer, because they are all produced by the cortex they are collectvely referred to as corticosteroids |
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| the adrenal cortex of both men and women secretes steroid sex hormones: |
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androgens , estrogen and progesterone. these hormones regulate secondary sexual characteristics. all hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex are steroid hormones. |
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| the mineralocorticoid hormone, aldosterone, regulates what? |
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| sodium (Na+) and potassium, (K+) levels in the body. |
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| the glucocorticoid hormone, cortisol regulates what? |
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| regulates carbohydrates in the body. |
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| the inner portion of the adrenal medulla is responsible for what? |
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| responsible for secreting the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
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Epinephrine is also called what? |
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| Adrenaline. these hormones are critical during emergency situations because they increase blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration levels. this helps the body perform better during emergencies or otherwise stressful times. |
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The exocrine portion of the pancrease releases what? |
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| digestive enzymes through a duct into the duodenum ofthe small intestines. |
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| the endocrine sections of the pancreas, Islets of Langerhans are named after who? |
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| Dr. Paul Langerhans, a German anatomist. |
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| there are two distinctly different types of diabetes mellitus: |
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| there is a destruction of the islet cells and the person fails to produce an adequate amount of insulin. therefore, he or she must take insulin injections to replace the insulin the pancrease is unable to produce. |
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| insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
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| the person makes a sufficient amount of insulin, but it has lost its ability to influence the cells of the body. this patients do not take insulin. |
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non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.(IDDM) this type of DM is usually treated by diet, exercise, and oral hypoglycemic agents-medications that result in a more normal blood sugar level. |
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insulin will reduce what? |
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| will increase the blood sugar. |
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| the thyroid gland which resembles a butterfly in shape has what? |
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has right and left lobes. it is located on either side of the trachea and larynx. the thyroid cartilage, or Adam's apple, is located just above the thyroid gland. |
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| the tyroid gland produces what? |
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| hormones thyroxine, which is also known as T4, and triiodothyronine which is called T3. These hormones are produced in the thyroid gland from the mineral Iodine. |
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| T3 and T4 help to regulate what? |
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| regulate the production of energy and heat in the body to adjust the metabolic rate of the body |
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| the thyroid gland also secretes what? |
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| secretes calcitonin in response to hypercalcemia( too high blood calcium level). Its action is the opposite of parathyroid hormone and stimulates the increased deposition of calcium into bone, thereby lowering blood levels of calcium. |
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| the actual eyeball is composed of three layers: |
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| the sclera , the choroid, and the retina. |
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The outer layer of the sclera, provides what? |
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| provides a tough protectrive layer fo the inner structures of the eye. another term for the sclera is the white of the eye. |
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| eye, ear, nose, and throat |
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| every drug has three different names: |
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1. Chemical name 2.Generic, or nonproprietary, name 3.Brand, trade, or proprietary name |
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| this method includes all drugs that are given by mouth |
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| prevention of disease. For example, an antibiotic can be used to prevent the occurrence of a disease. |
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study of human work including how the requirements for performing work and the work environment affect the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. |
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| graphic recording of the contraction of a muscle. The result of applying an electrical stimulation to the muscle. |
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| nerve conduction velocity |
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| a test to determine if nerves have been damages by recording the rate at which an electrical impulse travels along a nerve. If the nerve is damages, the velocity will be decreased. |
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| a physician who specializes in the practive of administering anesthetics. |
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| movement and spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another. metastases is plural |
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| plan of treatment for cancer patients developed by examining all the options available. including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, removal of entire organ with the tumor, removal of only the tumor, removal of surrounding lymph nodes, and others. |
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| treatment designed to reduce the intensity of painful symptoms, but does not produce a cure. |
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| chemicals that act on their target orgnans to either increase or decrease the target's activity level. |
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suffixes from chapter 11 --crine |
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| the thyroid release which of the follwoing in response to hpercalcemia? |
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| which of the following is a type of glucocorticold? |
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| where do exocrine glands release secretions? |
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| into a duct that carries them to the body |
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| the _______ cranial nerve controls the neck and shoulder muscles |
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accessory motor the eleventh (11) cranial nerve |
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| the _________ carnial nerve is responsible for impulses of equilibrium and hearing, it also called the auditory nerve. |
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vestibulocochlear The eighth cranial nerve. It is responsible for hearing and balance. (8) sensory |
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| An endocrine gland located behind the optic nerve in the brain. It is also called the master gland since it controls the functions of many other endocrine glands. It is divided into two lobes: anterior and posterior. The anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that aid in controlling growth and stimulating the thyroid gland, sexual glands, and adrenal cortex. The posterior pituitary is responsible for the antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin. |
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| Afferent neurons, another term is sensory neurons that carry what? |
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| carry sensory information from a sensory receptor to the CNS |
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| Efferent neurons, another term is motor neurons, carry what? |
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| carry activity instrutions from the CNS to muscles or glands out in the body. |
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The_________ cranial nerve supplies most organs in abdominal and thoracic cavities |
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vagus it is the tenth carnial nerve both |
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The __________ carnial nerve carries impulses for sense of sight. |
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optic the second carnial nerve sensory |
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The __________ carnial nerve transports impulse for sense of smell |
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olfactory the first carnial nerve sensory |
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| The _________ carnial nerve motor impulses for eye muscle movement and the pupil of eye |
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Oculomotor the third carnial nerve motor |
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| The__________ carnial nerve controls oblique muscle of eye on each side |
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Trochlear the fourth of the carnial nerve motor |
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| The_________ carnial nerve carries sensory facial impulses and controls muscles for chewing; branches into eyes, forehead, upper and lower jaw. |
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Trigeminal the fiveth carnial nerve both or sensory and motor. |
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| The ______ carnial nerve control an eyeball muscle to turn eye to side. |
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Abducens the sixth carnial nerve motor |
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| The__________ carnial nerve controls facial muscles for expression, salivation, and taste on two-thirds of tongue (anterior) |
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Facial the seventh carnial nerve both |
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| The _________ carnial nerve carries sensory impulses from pharynx (swallowing) and taste on one-thirds of tongue |
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Glossopharyngeal the nienth carnial nerve both |
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The______ carnial nerve controls tongue muscles. |
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Hypoglossal the tewelveth carnial nerve motor |
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