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107- premolars
SCC- Fellman
150
Dentistry
Professional
10/17/2015

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Term
How many premolars are there in the permanent dentition?
Definition
8
Term
Where is the buccal and lingual height of contour for the permanent posterior teeth?
Definition
buccal- cervical 3rd
lingual- middle 1/3
Term
What is the cusp # range for permanent posterior teeth?
Definition
2-5
Term
Is the CEJ of posterior teeth more or less pronounced than the anteriors?
Definition
less
Term
What structure is found on both anterior and posterior permanent teeth?
Definition
marginal ridges
Term
What structures define the occlusal plane? How many are there?
Definition
marginal ridges (4)
mesial
distal
buccal
lingual
Term
what is another term for the occlusal plane?
Definition
masticatory surface
Term
What occlusal surface structures are only found on posterior teeth? (4)
Definition
cusp ridges
triangular ridges
transverse ridges
oblique ridges
Term
How many triangular cusp ridges form a cusp?
Definition
4
Term
How many cusp ridges form a cusp?
Definition
4
Term
What makes up a transverse ridge?
Definition
2 triangular ridges crossing the occlusal plane (sides touch)
Term
What makes up a oblique ridge?
Definition
2 triangular ridges crossing the occlusal plane from (corners touch)
Term
What tooth are oblique ridges unique to?
Definition
Maxillary first molar
Term
What is a shallow wide depression running down the center of the occlusal surface?
Definition
occlusal fossae
Term
What is a V shaped linear depression running down the center of the occlusal surface?
Definition
occlusal groove
Term
What is the most prominent developmental groove in posterior teeth?
Definition
central groove
Term
What direction does the central groove travel?
Definition
M to D
Term
What structure separates the occlusal table of posterior teeth buccal-lingually?
Definition
central groove
Term
What groove crosses the marginal ridges of posterior teeth?
Definition
marginal groove
Term
What structure acts as a spillway for food on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth?
Definition
marginal groove
Term
What is it called where 2 or more grooves come together?
Definition
occlusal pit
Term
occlusal pits are located in the deepest portion of which occlusal structure?
Definition
fossa
Term
What is a clinical consideration for the posterior teeth?
Definition
sealants for pits and grooves to prevent decay
Term
What permanent teeth replace the primary 1st molars
Definition
permanent 1st premolars
Term
What permanent teeth replace the primary 2nd molars
Definition
permanent 2nd premolars
Term
What is another name for premolars
Definition
bicuspids
Term
What 4 structures define the occlusal table of a permanent premolar?
Definition
distal marginal ridge
mesial marginal ridge
buccal cusp ridge
lingual cusp ridge
Term
what 3 structures do all premolars have on their occlusal surfaces?
Definition
1. marginal ridges
2. cusp ridges/triangular ridges/transverse ridges
3. developmental grooves/occlusal pits
Term
What are the mastication functions of the premolars?
Definition
1. grinding (assist molars--> occlusal surface)
2. tearing (assist canines--> cusps)
Term
What is an ortho consideration for the 1st premolars?
Definition
used to be extracted to improve arch space
Term
What was it called when the 1st premolars were removed?
Definition
4 on the floor
Term
What was an issue with removing the 1st premolars for increased arch space?
Definition
caused narrowing of the jaw arch
Term
what is the common practice today to improve arch space?
Definition
expansion (stimulates bone growth)
done on max/mand at the same time to maintain occlusion
Term
Why is instrumentation difficult on the premolars?
Definition
deep mesial root concavity (specific to 1st premolar)
Term
is the Max first or second premolar larger
Definition
max 1st larger
Term
is the mand first or second premolar larger
Definition
mand 2nd larger
Term
what is the location of the crown compared to the root for the maxillary premolars?
Definition
crown centered over root
Term
What is the location of the crown compared to the root for the mandibular premolars?
Definition
lingual inclination
Term
Is the buccal or lingual cusp larger (width) for the maxillary premolars?
Definition
they are the same
Term
Is the buccal or lingual cusp large (width) for the mandibular premolars?
Definition
Lingual smaller
Term
How many cusps do the maxillary premolars have?
Definition
2
Term
How many cusps do the mandibular premolars have?
Definition
2 or 3
Term
Which premolar is known to sometimes have 3 cusps?
Definition
mandibular 2nd premolar
Term
What is a clinical consideration for the maxillary premolars?
Definition
pulpitis mistakenly diagnosed due to sinusitis
Term
What causes mistaken pulpitis diagnosis for the maxillary premolars?
Definition
roots of premolars can penetrate anterior portion of maxillary sinus (injury or extraction)--> sinus infection feels like tooth pain
Term
How can you confirm if a patient has pulpitis or sinusitis?
Definition
x-rays
pulp testing (pulp vitality tester- DDS)
Term
What are the tooth numbers for the maxillary fist premolars?
Definition
5 and 12
Term
When do the maxillary first premolars erupt?
Definition
10-11
Term
what is usually the first premolar to erupt?
Definition
maxillary first premolar
Term
What primary teeth do the permanent maxillary first premolars replace?
Definition
primary max 1st molars
B and I
Term
Is the central groove of 1st or 2nd maxillary premolar longer?
Definition
1st premolar longer
Term
Which of the premolars commonly has 2 roots?
Definition
Maxillary 1st premolar
Term
If the maxillary 1st premolar has root bifurcation, what portion of the root does it typically occur?
Definition
apical 3rd
Term
What is the portion of the max 1st premolars root that ISN'T bifurcated (located at the cervical 3rd of the root)
Definition
root trunk
Term
Does the maxillary first premolar have a prominent D or M root concavity?
Definition
mesial
Term
What portion of the root would you find the root concavity for the max 1st premolar?
Definition
root trunk
Term
How pulp horns/pulp canals does the max 1st premolar have?
Definition
2 pulp horns / 2 pulp canals (1 for each root)
Term
which premolar has the widest crown M--> D?
Definition
maxillary 1st premolar
Term
Is the B or L of the maxillary first premolar wider?
Definition
buccal
Term
What horizontal structures are found on the buccal surface of max 1st premolars?
Definition
imbrication lines and perikymata
Term
is the M or D CEJ deeper for the max 1st premolar?
Definition
Mesial deeper
Term
Is the M or D buccal cusp slope longer for the max 1st premolar?
Definition
Mesial
Term
What is the only tooth in the permanent dentition that has a longer Mesial cusp slope?
Definition
max 1st premolar
Term
Is the lingual or buccal cusp shorter for the max first premolar?
Definition
lingual shorter
Term
Is the M or D lingual cusp slope longer for the the max 1st premolar
Definition
Distal longer
Term
What is significant about the Mesial of the max 1st premolar?
Definition
mesial marginal groove crosses the mesial marginal ridge- distinguishes L from R
Term
what structure on the mesial of the max 1st premolar forms a long deep depression that extends from the crown to the root trunk?
Definition
mesial developmental depression
Term
What tooth numbers are the max 2nd premolars?
Definition
4 and 13
Term
When do the max 2nd premolars erupt?
Definition
10-12
Term
What primary tooth does the permanent max 2nd premolar replace?
Definition
primary max 2nd molar
Term
How many roots does the max 2nd premolar typically have
Definition
1
Term
How many pulp horns/ pulp canals do the max 2nd premolars have
Definition
2 pulp horns / 1 pulp canal
Term
Is the buccal cusp of the max 2nd premolar sharper or less sharp than the max 1st?
Definition
les sharp
Term
Is the lingual or buccal cusp of the max 2nd premolar longer?
Definition
They are the same height
Term
What is the only good way to tell the L from R for the max 2nd premolar?
Definition
Lingual cusp offset to the mesial
Term
What general occlusal shape do the maxillary premolars have?
Definition
squished
Term
Does the max 2nd premolar have a mesial depression or marginal groove?
Definition
no
Term
is the occlusal view of the max 2nd premolar more or less round than the 1st?
Definition
more round (more like molar)
Term
How many pits does the occlusal table of the max 2nd premolar have?
Definition
2 (mesial and distal)
Term
What structure runs between the M & D occlusal pits for the max 2nd premolar
Definition
central groove
Term
If your premolar has 2 roots, what tooth are you looking at?
Definition
max 1st premolar
Term
If your premolar has 1 root but the IP view shows cusps with equal height, what tooth do you have?
Definition
max 2nd premolar
Term
Can you see more of the occlusal table from the M or D for posterior teeth?
Definition
distal
Term
What is usually the last premolar to erupt?
Definition
mand 2nd premolar
Term
Is the mandibular 1st or 2nd premolar smaller?
Definition
mand 1st premolar smaller
Term
Is the lingual cusp of the mand premolars equal to the buccal or smaller?
Definition
smaller
Term
When viewed from the IP, which way are the mandibular premolars inclined?
Definition
lingual
Term
What is the shape is the occlusal outline for the mand premolars?
Definition
round (equal B-L and M-D width)
Term
How many roots do the mandibular premolars have?
Definition
1
Term
Are the mand premolar roots narrower on the L or B?
Definition
lingual narrower
Term
what is a clinical consideration for the mand premolars? what are two impacts of this trait?
Definition
narrow lingual surface with lingual inclination (difficult to roll instrument to adapt)
1. hard to instrument
2. difficult for patients to clean
Term
What are the tooth numbers for the mandibular 1st premolars?
Definition
21 and 28
Term
When do the mandibular 1st premolars erupt?
Definition
10-12
Term
What primary tooth does the permanent mandibular 1st premolar replace? (letters)
Definition
primary mandibular 1st molar (L & S)
Term
Are the B and L cusps of the mandibular 1st premolar equal?
Definition
no
Term
What structure of anterior teeth does the lingual cusp of the mand 1st premolar resemble?
Definition
cingulum
Term
what are two traits of the mand 1st premolar buccal cusp?
Definition
1. long and sharp
2. only functional cusp
Term
Which tooth has the smallest lingual cusp of all premolars?
Definition
mand 1st premolar
Term
is the lingual cusp of the mand 1st premolar functional?
Definition
no
Term
Is the buccal cusp of the mand 1st premolar centered or lingually inclined over the root axis?
Definition
centered
Term
The occlusal surface of the mand 1st premolar slopes sharply in which direction
Definition
toward the lingual
Term
How many pulp horns and pulp canals does the mand 1st premolar have?
Definition
2 horns / 1 canal
Term
Is the M or D cusp slope of the mand 1st premolar longer?
Definition
Distal longer
Term
The lingual cusp line and buccal triangular ridge of the mand 1st premolar make up what structure?
Definition
transverse ridge
Term
Which premolar is most likely to have a mesial lingual groove?
Definition
mand 1st premolar
Term
which premolars have grooves that cross their mesial marginal ridges?
Definition
max and mand 1st premolars
Term
which 3rd of the tooth is the lingual ridge of the mand 1st premolar located?
Definition
cervical third
Term
is the central groove of the mand 1st premolar long or short?
Definition
short
Term
How many occlusal pits does the mand 1st premolar have?
Definition
2 (M & D)
Term
What groove on the mand 1st premolar ends in the mesial occlusal pit?
Definition
mesiolingual groove
Term
What is it called when the M & D occlusal pits of the mand 1st premolar are filled?
Definition
snake eyes
Term
What are the tooth numbers for the mand 2nd premolars?
Definition
20 and 29
Term
When do the mand 2nd premolars erupt?
Definition
11-12
Term
What are the last premolars to erupt?
Definition
mand 2nd premolars
Term
What teeth do the permanent mand 2nd premolars replace?
Definition
primary 2nd molars (K & T)
Term
How many cusps does the mand 2nd premolar have?
Definition
2 or 3 cusp forms
Term
Which cusp form is most common for the mand 2nd premolar?
Definition
tricuspid form
Term
what is the groove pattern for the tricuspid mand 2nd premolar?
Definition
Y
Term
Is the mesial or distal lingual cusp longer for the mand 2nd premolar?
Definition
mesiolingual longer
Term
what are the groove patterns for the bicuspid form of the mand 2nd premolar?
Definition
U or H
Term
How many roots do the mand 2nd premolars have?
Definition
1
Term
How many pulp horns and pulp canals do the mand 2nd premolars have? (list for both tri and bi cuspid forms)
Definition
bicuspid- 2 horns / 1 pulp canal
tricuspid- 3 horns / 1 pulp canal
Term
Is the buccal cusp of the mand 2nd premolar taller/shorter and more or less sharp than the 1st premolar?
Definition
shorter and less sharp than mand 1st premolar
Term
In general, are the buccal cusps of 2nd premolars more or less sharp than the 1st premolars?
Definition
less
Term
In the tricuspid form for the mand 2nd premolar, what structure is found between the ML and DL cusps?
Definition
lingual groove
Term
Does the bicuspid form of the mand 2nd premolar have a lingual groove?
Definition
no
Term
Why can you see more of the occlusal table from the distal view for the mand 2nd premolar?
Definition
distal marginal ridge more cervically located
Term
Which tooth has the greatest variation in occlusal anatomy?
Definition
mandibular 2nd premolar
Term
which premolar has e prune-like appearance
Definition
tricuspid form for mand 2nd premolar
Term
What are two clinical consideration for the mand 2nd premolars?
Definition
1. mesial drift
2. space maintainers
Term
What is a developmental disturbance for the mand 2nd premolar
Definition
anodontia
Term
why are the pit and groove patterns for posterior teeth more susceptible to caries?
Definition
1. increased biofilm retention
2. weakness of enamel forming the walls of the pits and grooves
Term
How should the pits and grooves of posterior teeth be checked for decay?
Definition
1. with mirror and explorer
2. laser fluorescence
Term
What steps can be taken to reduce the risk of caries in the pits and fissures of posterior teeth?
Definition
apply enamel sealants as soon as teeth erupt
Term
A tooth that is unerupted or partially erupted due to its position against another tooth, bone, or soft tissue making eruption unlikely is known as what?
Definition
impacted
Term
If a primary max 2nd molar is lost prematurely, the permanent 1st molar may drift mesially and prevent the permanent second premolar from erupting. The mesial drift of the 1st molar has closed what eruption space for the premolar?
Definition
leeway space
Term
How can malocclusion caused my mesial drift be prevented?
Definition
evaluation and orthodontic intervention during the mixed dentition period
Term
What 3 conditions make instrumentation difficult for the mandibular premolars
Definition
1. narrow lingual surface
2. lingual inclination of the crown
3. nearby tongue
Term
The lingual crown inclination of the mandibular premolars causes patients what OH issue?
Definition
miss the associated lingual gingiva tissue and clean only the occlusal surface
Term
Snake eyes restorations on the mand 1st premolars are what class of restoration?
Definition
class 1
Term
anodontia is a failure of tooth germ to form during what phase of development?
Definition
initiation
Term
if permanent premolars don't develop, primary molars can remain fused to the bone. What is the term for this fusion to the bone?
Definition
ankylossed
Term
Why is it hard to maintain primary teeth in an permanent dentition?
Definition
larger dentin with smaller enamel covering = more prone to caries
Term
Why is it so important to maintain primary teeth retained as the result of anodontia?
Definition
They act as space savers to prevent mesial drift
Term
If a primary tooth is lost and there is no succedaneous replacement, what are the restorative options for your patient?
Definition
partial bridge
flipper
impant
Term
which premolar has the smallest lingual cusp?
Definition
mandibular 2nd premolar
Term
T/F- the maxillary 1st premolar is wider bucally than lingually
Definition
True
Term
T/F- the mandibular 2t premolar has cusps of equal length
Definition
False
Term
Which premolar is most likely to have a mesiolingual groove
Definition
mandibular 1st premolar
Term
which tooth has a wide, deep mesial root concavity that is difficult to instrument?
Definition
maxillary 1st premolar
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