Term
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Definition
| Energy flows through ecosystems while the chemical within are recycled |
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Term
| Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration by-products |
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Definition
| everything from cell. resp. and photo. can be recycled |
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Term
| Breakdown of glucose to ... |
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Definition
| CO2 and Energy (ATP + heat) |
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Term
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Definition
| product of Glycolysis' harvested energy that has been broken down |
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Term
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Definition
| Catabolic pathway during which 6-C glucose is split into 2 3-C sugars; sugars rearranged by process producing 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules |
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Term
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Definition
1. Multi-step pathway that takes place in cytoplasm
2. Splits glucose to pyruvate
3. Occurs with or without O2 |
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Term
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Definition
1. Glucose Activation Phase
2. Energy harvest phase |
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Term
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Definition
(Glycolysis)
Cellular ATP to physphorylate glycolysis intermediates |
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Term
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Definition
(Glycolysis)
Produces ATP
Yields 4 ATP per glucose
Yields 2 NADH per glucose |
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Term
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Definition
> no O present = pyruvic acid molecules go through this
> Can be anaerobic
> NO ATP production
> partial degradation of sugars
> Regenerates NAD+ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Other option from Fermentation
> Happens after Glycolysis WITH O present
> ATP production
> Complete degradation of sugars |
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Term
| Cellular Repiration is ... |
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Definition
The sum of Glycolysis,
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle),
and Electron Transport Chain (Oxidative Phosphorylation) |
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Term
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Definition
> Occurs in cytoplasm
> partially oxidizes glucose (C6) in 2 Pyruvic (C3) molecules |
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Term
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Definition
(KREBS or TCA)
> Occurs in mitochondrial matrix
> completes breakdown of glucose that Glycolysis started |
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Term
| Products of Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle |
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Definition
| NADH, FADH, small amount of ATP |
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Term
| Electron Transport System |
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Definition
> located in inner mitochondrial membrane
> accepts NADH and FADH
> Uses energy from electron transfers to make ATP via oxidative phosphorylation
> Produces 90% of ATP in cellular respiration |
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Term
| TCA/KREBS/Citric Acid Cycle connection to Glycolysis |
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Definition
| Bridge Reaction which converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA |
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Term
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Definition
1. Removes CO2
2. Produces NADH from NAD+
3. Attaches coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA |
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Term
| Krebs Cycle background info |
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Definition
> Occurs in mitochondrial matrix
> Discovered by Hans Krebs
NADH FADH2 ATP CO2
4 1 1 3
8 2 2 6
2 pyruvates per glucose, so 2 turns of Krebs required |
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Term
| After Glycolysis and Krebs, where is energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Stored Energy in NADH and FADH2 harvested by passage through... |
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Definition
| Electron Transport System |
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Term
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Definition
1. NADH and FADH2 pass through this series of enzyme and other proteins
2. Energy used to pump H+ from matrix into intermembrane compartment (makes gradient) |
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Term
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Definition
Energy-coupling mechanism
> ETC does not make ATP directly
> Generates proton gradient
> Chemiosmosis occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| Coupling of exergonic electron flow down an ETC to endergonic ATP production by creation of gradient across membrane |
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Term
| Chemiosmosis properties/location |
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Definition
> located in inner mitochondrial membrane
> 3 protons moved from matrix to intermembrane compartment per NADH
> 2 protons moved per FADH2 |
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Term
| Overall summary of Glycolysis, Krebs, and ETC combined: |
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Definition
C6H1206 + 36 ADP + 6O2
↓
6CO2 + 36 ATP + 42 H2O |
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Term
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Definition
Controls cellular respiration
> Feedback inhibition switches off pathways in cells
> ratio of ATP/ADP reflects energy state of cell
> ATP/ADP high = high energy |
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Definition
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