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100 facts UPrep 2011-2012
100 facts
70
History
6th Grade
09/05/2011

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Cards

Term
Culture
Definition
___________________ is a way of life, ideas, customs, and skills of a group that are passed along through generations.
Term
civilization
Definition
A _______________ is a society that has cities, a well organized government, and workers with specialized job skills.
Term
alphabet
Definition
As the _________________ evolved, letter shapes gradually changed into a very flexible writing system that resembles the one we use today.
Term
Cultural borrowing
Definition
_________________ is the transfer of ideas or customs from one culture to another.
Term
Oral tradition
Definition
___________________ is stories, myths, and legends that are passed on by word of mouth from generation to generation.
Term
river systems
Definition
Early civilizations developed near ____________________ which provided food, water, transportation, trade, and irrigation.
Term
artifacts
Definition
_____________ are human-made objects (tools, jewelry, toys, and coins) that teach about the customs and beliefs of people of the past.
Term
prehistory
Definition
________________ is history that took place before the development of writing.
Term
nomads
Definition
Stone Age hunter-gathers were _____________: they moved from place to place gathering food with the seasons.
Term
migration
Definition
Scientists debate whether Homo sapiens began a large ________________ to other regions of the world or independently evolved over time.
Term
land bridges
Definition
With changes in Earth's climate, ______________ were exposed causing animals to migrate and forcing people to follow them to find food.
Term
kill, defend, trade
Definition
By forming larger, more complex communities, early man could: _________ large animals, _______ from attack, and _____________.
Term
tools, fire
Definition
The development of ____________ and use of _______ were key factors in the survival of early humans.
Term
domestication
Definition
As early humans settled, they began to change the behavior of plants and animals in way that were useful for them; this process is called _________________.
Term
city-state, government, laws
Definition
Each Sumerian _________________ was independent of its neighbors; it had its own _____________ and _________.
Term
barter
Definition
_____________ is a system of trade in which people exchange goods/services but do not exchange money.
Term
fertile valley, Tigris, Euphrates Rivers
Definition
Mesopotamia means the land between the rivers and is located in the _____________ between the _________ and __________________________.
Term
irrigation system
Definition
Sumerian farmers were the first to create an _________________ that could keep their crops alive through hot, dry summers and allow them to plant far from the rivers.
Term
polytheism
Definition
__________________ is the belief in many gods.
Term
religion, government
Definition
In Mesopotamia, ___________ and ____________ were combined and controlled by the priest.
Term
pictograph, symbols for syllables, letters for sounds
Definition
As writing spread from one people to another, it went through a gradual evolution over time-___________, ___________, and finally ________________.

 

Term
fertile soil
Definition
Mesopotamia offered the Sumerians ______________ for farming.
Term
scribe
Definition
A ___________ is a person trained to keep records in ancient times.
Term
empire
Definition
Sargon the Great was the first ruler to unite the city-states of Sumer into one _________.
Term
Hammurabi's code, unite
Definition
_____________________ was the first set of laws created to _________ an empire.
Term
plow, wheel, sailboat
Definition
The Sumerian's invented the _________, ________ and ______________ for farming and to move trade items to and from Sumer.
Term
Nile River, food, trade
Definition
Egypt is located in northeastern Africa along the ___________, the "lifeblood" of Egypt because of ________ and _________.
Term
Papyrus
Definition
________________ is long, thin reed growing along the banks of the Nile, used by Egyptians to make writing material.
Term
Hieroglyphics
Definition
_______________ are symbols used to stand for words or sounds in Egypt.
Term
pharoahs
Definition
Egyptians believed their ______________ were god-kings that controlled everything on earth and gained authority by providing a good government.
Term
artisans
Definition
Many Egyptian _____________ spend their entire lives working on palaces, temples, and tombs.
Term
mummy
Definition
A _______________ is a body preserved by a special process.
Term
mud brick, stone
Definition
Homes and buildings in Egypt were made of _____________; more important buildings (pyramids, temples, tombs) were made of ______________ (limestone, granite) using simple tools and no wheels.
Term
afterlife
Definition
Egyptians spent much of their lives planning to live for eternity because they believed in an ____________, life after death.
Term
inundation
Definition
The three seasons (flooding, planting, and harvesting) in Egypt were based on ___________, or the annual flooding of the Nile River.
Term
isolated, protected
Definition
Egypt's natural borders (seas, deserts and, mountains) _____________ and _________ it from invaders.
Term
Kush
Definition
___________ was located south of Egypt and was a source of great riches for the Egyptian empire.
Term
monotheism
Definition
Judaism was the first religion based on _______________, the belief in one god.
Term
ethical, right, wrong
Definition
Hebrews followed a tradition of _____________ behavior; behavior based on ideas of ____________ and ____________.
Term
Ten Commandments
Definition
The ____________________________ and oter laws tell the Israelites how to behave toward God and one another.
Term
covenant
Definition
God made a _____________ (a binding agreement) with Abraham that the land of Canaan would belong to Abraham's descendants--it became known as the promised land.
Term
Hebrew Bible, common belief
Definition
Scriptures, or sacred writings, of the Jews are known as the ______________-this shared story unites Jews all over the world in __________________.
Term
Exodus, slavery in Egypt
Definition
The _____________, led by Moses, was when he Hebrews left _________________ for the promised land of Canaan.
Term
temple
Definition
The _______________ was the most important building in Jerusalem.
Term
Babylon
Definition
The Hebrews were exiled to _______________ when their country was canquered by the Babylonian Empire.
Term
King David
Definition
_____________________ (author of many psalms) made Jerusalem the capital of the Hebrew lands and a center for worship.
Term
Diaspora, synagogue
Definition
The ______________ brought changes in the way Jews worshipped; they were encourages to celebrate their festivals and practices their faith in a _______________.
Term
Yohanan ben Zakkai
Definition
After the Romans destroyed The Temple, ___________________ set up a center for the Jewish scholars so learning would survive and remain important to the Jews.
Term
Judaism
Definition
__________________ gave teh world the idea of one supreme God who created everything; an idea later shared by Christianity and Islam.
Term
Israel, Judah
Definition
The two kingdoms of the Ancient Hebrews were __________ and ____________.
Term
________________ helped the Greek civilization to have contact with others and spread ideas, goods, and customs.
Definition
Trading by sea
Term
______________, political power held by a small segment of society was an early form of government in many early Greek city-states.
Definition
oligarchy
Term
______________ won popular support by promising land and other benefits to the poor; with that support, they set up __________________ (governments run by a single strong ruler).
Definition
tyrants, tyrannies
Term
Under a ____________ government (rule by the people), large numbers of Greeks began to participate in civic (community) affairs.
Definition
democratic
Term
The idea of __________ set the people of Greece apart from other countries because people had rights and responsibilities within the government.
Definition
citizenship
Term
_____________________ (citizens participate directly in government decision making) worked in Athens because the city-state was small and because of the commitment and hard work of its citizens.
Definition
direct democracy
Term
Most democracies today are a _________________________ in which citizens elect others to represent them in government.
Definition
representative democracy
Term
Sparta and Athens joined together to defeat the Persians in the ____________________.
Definition
Persian Wars
Term
The _____________________________ was fought between Sparta and Athens because Athens would not give up some of the control gained after the Persian Wars.
Definition
Peloponnesian War
Term
_______________ carried out a series of reforms that contributed to the development of democracy, protections, and beautification of Athens.
Definition
Pericles
Term
________________, a Greek philosopher and well-known teacher, challenged accepted beliefs to search for the truth and meaning of life.
Definition
Socrates
Term
The first woman to be noted for excellence in mathematics, ___________, was a teacher of philosophy, astronomy, and religion.
Definition
Hypatia
Term
_________ wrote down Socrates ideas; he later founded a school of philosophy called the Academy.
Definition
Plato
Term
______________, the most famous natural philosopher, made many contributions to different fields of study (math, government,poetry, science, etc).
Definition
Aristotle
Term
____________, an important mathematician brought together all that was known about geometry in his book Elements.
Definition
Euclid
Term
A general in the Peloponnesian War, ___________, wrote about the events surrounding the war with the actions of people rather than declaring it the work of outside forces.
Definition
Thucydides
Term
Alexander the Great spread ___________________________ through Persia, India and Egypt.
Definition
Greek culture and beliefs
Term
__________ wrote the Odyssey and the Iliad, two epic poems about the adventures of Odysseus.
Definition
Homer
Term
______________ was a Greek slave who taught moral lessons in the form of fables.
Definition
Aesop
Term
The Indian culture was divided into a _________ system: priests, rulers/warriors, artisans/bankers/merchants, and servants.
Definition
caste
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