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| Formal process for verbalizing thoughts about a task. |
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| Linguistic determinism hypothesis |
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| Also known as the Whorfian hypothesis [Whorf’s (1956)] proposes that the language we speak determines our thinking. |
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| Cognition is seen to lay the basis for other capabilities, of which language is just one. |
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| Some nativists assert that language is independent of thought; this position is most frequently associated these days with the work of Chomsky (2006). |
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| Experience determines who we are and what we become. |
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| Radical pragmatists, such as Sperber (1985), do away with the issue of whether or not word meanings are innate by denying that they exist in any fixed sense at all. Instead, radical pragmatics looks at language in context. |
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| Wilhelm Wundt pioneered the technique of introspection, a method for analysing conscious experience into its component sensations. |
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| The ability to understand another person's behaviour in terms of propositional attitude ascriptions. |
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| Syntax is a series of mechanisms for arranging words into meaningful sentences. One crucial and very interesting aspect of syntax is that sentences are built around verbs. |
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| The doctrine of language of thought has two main emphases, the first centring on the content of concepts and the second on the structure of propositions. |
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| Chomsky's transformational grammar was one attempt to specify a set of transformational rules, or operations, that mediate between the deep structure and surface structure of a sentence or utterance. |
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| The ability of experts to recall information at a glance from within their domain of expertise. |
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| Fodor (1983) has argued that some aspects of cognition are modular, each module being ‘informationally encapsulated'. By this he means specialized for a particular type of representational input, and delivering a module-specific output. Language, then, is one such module. |
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| A propositional attitude is a mental stance, our sense of knowing that, believing, expecting, hoping, worrying and so on. |
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An observer predicts or explains the behavior of an actor based on a judgment of what that actor believes to be the case, not what really is the case as the observer knows it
If an individual or animal appreciates that another has a false belief, then it may be stated that the former has a ‘theory of mind'. |
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| Linguistic relativism, asserts that language influences thought, and this claim is considerably less controversial than the determinism thesis |
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