Term
| What results in a Colles’ fracture? |
|
Definition
| is the most common fracture of the forearm in adults >50 years due to forced dorsiflexion of the hand (e.g., trying to ease a fall by outstretching the upper limb). This fracture results in the distal 2 cm of the radial styloid process having a complete transverse fracture, with the fragment being displaced dorsally and often comminuted (broken into pieces). Essentially, Colles’ fracture shortens the radius at the distal end in reference to the ulna, forming a characteristic “dinner fork” deformity. |
|
|
Term
| What vein is commonly used for venipuncture? Where is it located? |
|
Definition
| median cubital vein; superficial to cubital fossa |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary (and most powerful) supinator of the forearm? |
|
Definition
| The biceps brachii is the primary and most powerful supinator of the flexed forearm; the supinator muscle supinates the forearm in the absence of resistance. |
|
|
Term
| Name the main flexor of the forearm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the divisions of the brachial artery where it splits at the region of the cubital fossa. |
|
Definition
| radial and ulnar arteries |
|
|
Term
| List the nerves and their neuromuscular relationships in the forearm. |
|
Definition
List the nerves and their neuromuscular relationships in the forearm.
a. Median nerve = 6 ½ flexor muscles ( ½ refers to FDP of the lateral 2 digits—index and middle fingers)
b. Ulnar nerve = 1 ½ flexor muscles ( ½ refers to FDP of the medial 2 digits—ring and little fingers)
c. Radial nerve = all extensors plus the brachioradialis |
|
|
Term
| What is the characteristic clinical sign of a radial nerve injury at the level of the radial groove of the humerus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle(s) flex the middle phalanges?…the distal phalanges? |
|
Definition
| flexor digitorum superficialis; flexor digitorum profundus |
|
|
Term
| Which muscle is the prime mover in pronation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve(s) is/are compromised when a person has trouble pronating his/her forearm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the muscles that extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist joint. Identify their main functions. |
|
Definition
| extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis (extend and abduct hand at wrist), extensor carpi ulnaris (extend and adduct hand at wrist) |
|
|
Term
| List the muscles that extend the medial four digits |
|
Definition
| extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor indicis |
|
|
Term
| List the muscles that extend or abduct the 1st digit, or thumb. |
|
Definition
| extensor pollicis longus & brevis, abductor pollicis longus |
|
|
Term
| What prevents bowstringing of the extensor tendons when the hand is hyperextended? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tingling sensations and pain on the lateral side of the hand is due to the compression of what nerve? Where does this nerve pass through to enter the hand? |
|
Definition
| median nerve; carpal tunnel |
|
|
Term
| What structures accompany the median nerve? |
|
Definition
| tendons of the FDS, FDP, & FPL |
|
|
Term
| List the main arteries supplying the forearm muscles. |
|
Definition
| radial and ulnar arteries |
|
|
Term
| What nerve is at risk when the “funny bone” is hit or injured? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A knife wound on the palm at the level of the extended thumb injures what artery on the palm? This artery is the terminal continuation of what artery? |
|
Definition
| superficial palmar arch ; ulnar artery |
|
|
Term
| Where is the radial pulse taken? |
|
Definition
| lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis |
|
|
