Term
| What is Developmental Psychology? |
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Definition
Universal aspects of lifespan development from conception through death; Identifies cultural variations
Explores physical, cognitive, social and emotional development |
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Term
| What does Cephalocaudal mean? |
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Definition
| preceds from head to feet |
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Term
| What does Proximodistal mean |
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Definition
| precedes from center moving outward |
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Term
| When is the Germinal Phase? |
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Definition
| conception through 2 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to go to the baby |
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Term
| What happens in the Embryonic Stage: 5 weeks – 2 months? |
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Definition
Head face and neck develop
Buds for limbs form and grow
Major organs/digestive system differentiating
Heartbeat begins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in the 3rd month of development? |
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Definition
digestive organs begin to function
Buds for limbs form and grow
Sex organs develop rapidly
Arms/fingers move |
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Term
| What happens in the 4th month? |
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Definition
Face looks human
Lower body outgrows head
Bones are defined |
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Term
| What happens in the 5th month? |
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Definition
Fingernails and toenails appear
Languo
Vernix collects |
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Term
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Definition
| fine wooly hair over body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in the 6th month? |
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Definition
Eyebrows/lashes well defined
Eyes completely formed |
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Term
| What happens in the 7th month? |
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Definition
| Fetus capable of life outside uterus |
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Term
| What happens in the 8/9th month? |
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Definition
Fat is deposited for later use
Fingernails beyond fingertips
Lanugo is shed
Myelination of brain takes place
Chief organs increases functioning
Vernix covers body |
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Term
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Definition
| harmful toxins that affect development resulting in defect, damage or anomaly |
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Term
| 4 Important concepts with teratogens |
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Definition
Dose: How much?
Basic Heredity: Vulnerable vs. sturdy
Age of organism at exposure
Multiply determined: stress, nutrition, lack of medical care |
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Term
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Definition
| drug given to women for morning sickness that ended up hurting their children |
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Term
| What is prolonged stress linked to? |
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Definition
| prematurity and low birth weight |
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Term
| What does smoking do to the child? |
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Definition
| mild stimulant, increases fetal activity, low birth weight, increased SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) |
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Term
| What does smoking marijuana do to the child? |
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Definition
| low birth weight, disturbed sleep in newborns, reduced attention to environment |
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Term
| What does heroin do to the child? |
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Definition
| premature birth weight, tremulous behavior, poor sleep, poor sucking and feeding, risk of SIDS |
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Term
| What does cocaine do to the child? |
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Definition
| : “crack babies” premature size/weight, tremulous, high pitched crying, respiratory and regurgitation problems, rigidity, withdrawal symptoms, deformities |
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Term
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Definition
| abuse of multiple substances likely |
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Term
| What is the leading teratogen in the US causing mental retardation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome symptoms |
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Definition
Physical Symptoms: growth retardation, head and facial abnormalities, microcephaly, skeletal, brain and heart damage
Behavioral Symptoms: poor impulse control, poor attention, hyperactivity and cognitive defects |
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Term
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Definition
| some symptoms of FAS, but less physical symptoms (ARND) |
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Term
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Definition
Poor fixation ability
Limited ability to discriminate color
Estimate visual acuity of between 20/200 and 20/400
Preference for human faces |
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Term
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Definition
Fetus can hear sounds around 6 months in uterus
Recognize mothers voice |
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Term
| Taste and Smell in newborns |
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Definition
Both present at birth
Preference for sweet |
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Term
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Definition
| Heat, cold, pressure, and pain, all present at birth |
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Term
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Definition
| inborn, automatic responses to a particular form of stimulation |
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Term
| What is the Rooting reflex |
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Definition
| survival value, stroke cheek and baby will turn head toward the stimulation |
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Term
| What is the Stepping reflex? |
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Definition
| : basis for complex motor skills, with bare feet toughing floor infant wil mimic a stepping response (disappears around 2 months) |
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Term
| What is the Sucking reflex |
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Definition
| place a finger in mouth and baby will suck, permits feeding |
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Term
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Definition
| shine a bright light or clap and they will close their eyes |
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Term
| What is the Babinski Reflex |
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Definition
| stroke the heel to see reactions of the toes which flex/fan out; normal infants, if persists it can indicates neurological problems |
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Term
| Gross and Fine Motor Development age 2-3 |
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Definition
Gross Motor: walk rythmically, jump, hop, push a riding toy with feet
Fine Motor: remove simple clothing items, using a spoon |
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Term
| Gross and Fine Motor Development 3-4 |
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Definition
Gross Motor: walks upstairs alternating feet, catches ball by trapping in chest, rides a tricycle
Fine Motor: fasten unfasten large buttons, uses scissors, copies lines, circles, draws tadpole person |
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Term
| Gross and fine motor development age 4-5 |
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Definition
Gross Motor: walks down stairs alternating feet, runs smoothly, catches ball with hands, rapid/smooth steering
Fine Motor: uses a fork cuts with scissors on lines, copies triangles and some letters |
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Term
| Gross and fine motor development 5-6 |
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Definition
Gross Motor: increases running speed, true skipping, ride bike
Fine Motor: uses a knife to cut food, ties shoes, draws a 6 part person, copies words and numbers |
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Term
| Gender Differences in development |
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Definition
| boys are ahead of girls inforce and power, girls ahead in fine motor and gross motor skills which involve good balance |
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Term
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Definition
| relatively constant basic disposition which is inherent in a person that underlines and modulates his/her behavior |
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Term
| Thomas and Chess' three temperments |
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Definition
| difficult, slow-to-warm-up, easy |
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Term
| Difficult temperment (10%) |
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Definition
| often wail, cry and are negative in new situations, eat and sleep irregularly |
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Term
| Slow-to-Warm-Up temperment (15%) |
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Definition
| often inactive, adapt slowly and can be withdrawn and show a negative mood |
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Term
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Definition
| cheerful, adaptable, easily establish routines |
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Term
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Definition
| the match between the characteristics of the infant and his/her family is critical to development. Some are better matches than others |
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Term
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Definition
| the match between the characteristics of the infant and his/her family is critical to development. Some are better matches than others |
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Term
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Definition
| the affectional bond between an infant and its caretaker |
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Term
| What is Stranger Anxiety? |
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Definition
| develops when infants are around 6-7 months ending around 18 months. If a stranger approaches, the infant becomes afraid and reaches for the caregiver |
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Term
| Ainsworth’s 4 types of attachment: Securely Attached |
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Definition
| child uses the parent as a safe base to explore, when separated the child may not cry during the absence, seek contact when parent returns, decrease crying if present (~65% of U.S. infants) |
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Term
| Ainsworth's 4 types of attachment: Avoidant attachment |
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Definition
| unresponsive to parent when present, no distress when parent leaves, react to stranger similar as to parent, slow to greet parent when they return (~20%) |
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Term
| Ainsworth's 4 types of attachment: Resistant Attachment |
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Definition
| seek closeness with their parents, fail to explore, upon return displays anger, resistant behavior, cannot be comforted (~10-15%) |
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Term
| Ainsworth's 4 types of attachment: Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment |
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Definition
| greatest amount of insecurity, in reunion show disorganized, confused behaviors. Seem confused, glazed and spacey. Mothers are more avoidant and inconsistent with a lack of sensitivity to infants needs (5%) |
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