Term
| What are teh two types of social anxiety disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can panic attacks be apart of your social anxiety disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long do the symptoms of social anxiety have to last before the person is diagnosed? |
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Definition
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Term
| To diagnose social anxiety disorder you have to determine that the symptoms are not due to... |
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Definition
| medical condition or another mental disorder |
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Term
| What kinds of childhood behavior is indicative of social anxiety? |
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Definition
reactive infant
inhibited toddler (retreat from the unfamiliar, shy/tearful)
peripheral in play (separation anxiety, social avoidance) |
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Term
| Whta is the spectrum of social anxiety, from mild to severe? |
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Definition
| "normal" social anxiety -> shyness (90% at some point in life) -> social anxiety disorder -> avoidant personality disorder |
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Term
| What is the lifetime prevalence of social anxiety disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the male to female ratio of social anxiety disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the course of social anxiety disorder? |
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Definition
| chronic course with mean duration of 25 years |
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Term
| What are the comorbid situations of social anxiety disorder? |
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Definition
| 60% with depression; 30% alcohol dependence |
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Term
| What neuroanatomical deficits are observed in antisocial personalities? |
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Definition
| ventral orbitofrontal deficits |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of antisocial personalities? |
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Definition
| emotional detachment and inability to anticipate punishment |
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Term
| What part of the brain mediates anticipatory planning and emotion regulation particularly in social contexts? |
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Definition
| prefrontal-limbic circuitry including the amygdala, anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex |
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Term
| What parts of the brain are activated in normal vs. psychopaths vs. social phobics when in social situations? |
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Definition
normal= limbic-prefrontal circuit
psychopath= brief amygdala but no further activation
social phobics= amygdala and OFC |
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Term
| A hypoactive ______ may represent neural correlate of psychopathic behavior while overactive _____- may underly social fear. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pt's with social phobia have what kinds of abnormal cerebral blood flow while public speaking? |
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Definition
| decreased cortical CBF adn increased subcortical activity (involves activation of a phylogenetically older "danger-recognition" system |
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Term
| What neurotransmitters are responsible for social phobia? |
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Definition
| amygdala based fear conditioning pathways with several crucial serotonergic pathways; increased dominance with increased serotonin in primates |
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Term
| What medications are used for social anxiety that up serotonin levels? |
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Definition
| sertraline, paroxetine, fluvoxamine CR, venlafaxine |
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Term
| Why isn't flouxetine used for social anxiety? |
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Definition
| failed to seperate from placebo in best designed studies |
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Term
| Does citalopram treat social anxiety? |
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Definition
| has seperated from placebo in european studies |
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Term
| Can escitalopram be used fro social anxiety? |
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Definition
| psoitive placebo controlled studies |
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Term
| Can buspirone be used for social anxiety? |
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Definition
| lack of efficacy in controlled data |
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Term
| What drugs can be used to treat social phobia that upregulate dopamine? |
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Definition
phelezine (nardil)= the gold standard
selective response to MAOI (rejection sensitivity, atypical depression) and social anxiety disorder |
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Term
| What evidence is there that DA is decreased in social anxiety disorder? |
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Definition
| CSF HVA decreased in introverted depressives and patients with comorbid social anxiety disorder; low dopamine in timid mice; social anxiety increased in parkinson's disease; DA blockers may increase social anxiety; imaging studies of patients with social anxiety disorder suggest dopamine hypofunction |
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Term
| Can you use beta blockers for people with social anxiety disorder? |
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Definition
| No; it is useful for performance anxiety however |
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Term
| Are NE abnormalities involved in social anxiety disorder? |
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Definition
| animal studies demonstrate involvement of locus ceruleus-norepinephrine-sympathethci nervous system in fear and arousal; however beta receptor kinetics do not differ in social anxiety patients and controls and beta blockers, clonidine, and TCAs are not effective |
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Term
| There are high rates of _____ abuse in patients with social anxiety disorder. |
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Definition
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Term
| How does clonazepam (klonopin) treat social anxiety disorder? |
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Definition
| there is a dense distribution of GABA/benzodiazepine receptors in limbic and paralimbic areas of the brain |
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Term
| What factors affect the outcome of CBT in social anxiety disorders? |
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Definition
| pretretment severity, homework compliance, frequency of negative thoughts, expectancy of outcome, nongeneralized > generalized, comorbidity (comorbid anxiety has no effect but comorbid depression has a negative effect) |
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Term
| How does medication enhance CBT? |
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Definition
| increased ability to tolerate exposure, greater willingness to try CBT, lower dropout rate, enhanced compliance with exposure |
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Term
| How does medication interfere with CBT? |
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Definition
| decreased fear activation upon exposure, decreased efficacy of CBT, misattribution, greater relapse rates after CBT treatment |
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