Term
| Vitamins? Minerals? who needs? organic/inorganic? |
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Definition
vitamins - only animals - organic
minerals - plants and animals - inorganic |
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Term
| why do animals need more nutrients than plants? specifically what kind of animals? |
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Definition
heterotrophs require more energy than autotrophs
endotherms require more energy than ectotherms |
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Term
| what are the 3 macronutrients for animals in polymers and monomers? |
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Definition
Proteins ---> Amino Acids
Fats -------> glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Carbs -----> monosaccharides |
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Term
| what kind of reaction makes polymers into monomers? |
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Definition
| catabolic, specifically hydrolysis |
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Term
| what kind of vitamins do animals need? |
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Definition
| both water soluble and fat soluble |
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Term
| what are the water soluble vitamins? |
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Definition
B vitamins (for metabolism)
Vitamin C (antioxidant) |
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Term
| why is an antioxidant necessary? |
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Definition
| too many oxidizing reactions cause free radicals, which destroy the cell membrane |
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Term
| what are the fat soluble vitamins? |
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Definition
Vitamin A (retinol) - eyes
Vitamin D - aids in calcium
Phosphorus - builds bone
Vitamin K - aides in blood clotting |
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Term
| what are the effects of too many water/fat soluble vitamins? |
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Definition
| negative effects, much worse for fat soluble |
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Term
| what are the 7 main minerals animals need? which 4 are for acid-base balance? (*) |
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Definition
Calcium
*Phosphorus
Sulfer: big portion of proteins
*Potassium
*Chlorine: nerve balance
*Sodium
Magnesium: cofactor w/ ATP |
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Term
| what are the 2 purposes of the digestive system? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the disadvantage of having no digestive system? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a complete DS known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 4 processes of DS? |
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Definition
1. ingestion
2. a) mechanical breakdown
b) chemical breakdown
3. absorption of monomers (large surface area)
4. elimination |
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Term
| where do the 4 aspects of digestion occur in a hydra? |
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Definition
1&4, mouth/anus
2. a) epidermis contracts, pushing against GV cavity
b) enzymes break down big pieces into smaller pieces through hydrolysis
3. gastrodermis - cells that engulf food (flagella and phagocytosis), bring it in and deliver where needed |
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Term
| how do hydra capture their prey? |
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Definition
| with cnidoblasts, bring food into mouth with tentacles |
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Term
| what was the best food for the hydra? |
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Definition
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Term
| where do the 4 aspects of digestion occur in a hydra? |
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Definition
1&4, mouth/anus
2. a) epidermis contracts, pushing against GV cavity
b) enzymes break down big pieces into smaller pieces through hydrolysis
3. gastrodermis - cells that engulf food (flagella and phagocytosis), bring it in and deliver where needed |
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