Term
| what are the 4 key evolutionary branch points? |
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Definition
1. symmetry
2. true tissues
3. coelom
4. embryonic development of a coelom |
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Term
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Definition
| a fluid filled space that separates the outer body wall from the digestive system |
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Term
| approximately how many phyla of animals are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the other words for phylum Porifera? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the 4 parts of Porifera? (sponges) |
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Definition
pores - let water in
osculum - opening at top of sponge
choanocytes - flagella move water in filter/feed system and take in food particles through phagocytosis
amoebocytes - engulf food |
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Term
| what animals are in phylum Cnidaria? |
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Definition
| hydras, jellyfish, corals, sea anemones |
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Term
| what tissues do Cnidaria have and what does that mean? |
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Definition
| only ectoderm and endoderm, no organs |
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Term
| what kind of digestive system do Cnidaria have? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 parts of an organism? |
|
Definition
anterior - front
posterior - end
dorsal - top/back
ventral - stomach |
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|
Term
| what is it called when there are 3 tissue layers? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the phylum for flatworms? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the tissue layers in Platyhelminthes? |
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Definition
| ecto meso and endo, no coelom |
|
|
Term
| what kind of digestive system do Platyhelminthes have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why can Platyhelminthes have organs? |
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Definition
| they have all 3 tissue layers |
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|
Term
| what 2 big phyla have pseudocoeloms? |
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Definition
| nematoda (roundworms) and rotifera (wheel bearing) |
|
|
Term
| what is an example of Nematoda? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a unique feature of Rotifera? |
|
Definition
| reproduce through parthogenesis - all members are female and reproduce by laying clone eggs of themselves |
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Term
| what kind of organs do Rotifera have? |
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Definition
| well developed organs and an alimentary canal |
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|
Term
| what is an alimentary canal? |
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Definition
| canal that connects the jaws to the anus and maintains an orderly flow of nutrients |
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Term
| what is Protostomes? Deuterostomes? |
|
Definition
coelom formed from cell masses (mouth forms first)
coelom formed from digestive tubes (anus forms first) |
|
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Term
| what is it called when a coelom comes from cell masses? Digestive tubes? |
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Definition
| Protostomes and Deuterostomes |
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Term
| what is the first phylum with true coeloms? |
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Definition
| Annelida (segmented worms) |
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Term
| why are true coeloms so important/advanced? |
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Definition
| coelom lined by mesoderm allows for more muscle and faster/stronger digestion |
|
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Term
| what is the segmentation of Annelida called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 the largest phylum of animals? |
|
Definition
Arthropoda
Mollusca
Chordata |
|
|
Term
| how many species are in phyla arthropoda? what % of kingdom animalia does arthropoda account for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 2 characteristics of arthropods? |
|
Definition
jointed appendages
exoskeleton make of chitin |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 major subphyla of arthropoda? |
|
Definition
Cherliceroformes
Crustacea
Hexapoda
Myriapoda |
|
|
Term
| how many legs and antennae do animals in subphylum Cherlicerformes have? examples of cherliceroformes? |
|
Definition
4 pairs legs
no antennae
horseshoe crab, scorpion, spiders, ticks, mites |
|
|
Term
| how many body parts and antennae do animals in subphylum Crustacea have? examples of crustacea? |
|
Definition
2 body parts
2 pair antennae |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 body parts of crustacea called? |
|
Definition
| cephalothorax and abdomen |
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|
Term
| how many legs, body parts and antennae do animals in subphylum Hexapoda have? examples of Hexapoda? |
|
Definition
3 pairs legs
3 body parts
1 pair antennae |
|
|
Term
| what % of arthropoda are in subphylum Hexapoda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of animals are in Myriapoda and what are there characteristics? |
|
Definition
millipedes - herbivores, 2 pair legs per segment
centipedes - carnivores, 1 pair legs per segment |
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|
Term
| what animals are in Phylum Echinodermata? |
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Definition
| sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, brittle stars |
|
|
Term
| what is the outer layer called on Echinodermates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 2 unique things about Echinodermata? |
|
Definition
some have pentamerous radial symmetry
have a complex water vascular system (gas exchange/waste disposal) |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 subphyla of Chordata? |
|
Definition
Cephalochordata
Urochordata
Vertebrata |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 characteristics of all Chordata? |
|
Definition
| dorsal nerve chord post anal tail notochord nerve chord pharyngeal gill slits |
|
|
Term
| what is the order of the 2 nerve chords and black line? |
|
Definition
dorsal nerve chord
dotted black line
notochord nerve chord |
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|
Term
| what is the order of the 7 classes of Vertebrata? |
|
Definition
Agnatha
Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes
Amphibia
Reptalia
Aves
Mammalia |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 major members of Agnatha? |
|
Definition
Hagfish (scavenger)
Lamprey (ectoparasitic) |
|
|
Term
| what advantage do Chondrichthyes have? |
|
Definition
sharks, skates, rays have cartilage skeletons
they are fast and flexible |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest vertebrate class? examples? |
|
Definition
Osteichthyes
eels, sea horses, tuna, etc |
|
|
Term
| what do many Osteichthyes have? |
|
Definition
| lateral line nerve system |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 kinds of Osteichthyes? |
|
Definition
ray finned and lobe finned
lobe finned (african lung fish) gave rise to amphibians |
|
|
Term
| what are some examples of Amphibians? |
|
Definition
| salamanders, frogs, Cacelians |
|
|
Term
| why are amphibians tied to water? (2 reasons) |
|
Definition
cutaneous skin (for gas exchange)
egg must be fertilized in water (flagellated sperm) |
|
|
Term
| what kind of eggs do reptiles have? |
|
Definition
| cleidoic eggs - hard leathery shell |
|
|
Term
| what is the waterproofing agent on reptile's skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why are reptiles still tied to water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 2 characteristics of Aves? (birds) |
|
Definition
hollow bones
feathers with elaborate hook/barb system |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 groups in subphylum mammalia? |
|
Definition
Monotremes (platypus and Echidna)
Marsupials (Kangaroos, Koalas)
Euterians |
|
|
Term
| what do all mammals have? |
|
Definition
| fur/hair and mammory glands |
|
|
Term
| what animals are ectotherms? what is the definition of ectotherm? |
|
Definition
Amphibians, reptiles, Osteichthyes
cannot control body temp |
|
|
Term
| what animals are endotherms? what is the definition of endotherm? |
|
Definition
mammals and aves
can control body temp |
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