Term
| Personal pronoun: with the verb 'съм' |
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Definition
1. singular form 'ти': for children
2. plural form 'вие': for people not known well, elders, higher rank, or a group |
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Term
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Definition
1. Q-word (who, where, why)
● word order does not shift
● Q-word is placed directly before the verb
○ statement: ▪Вие пътувате.
○ question: ▪Вие за къде пътувате?
▪ За къде пътувате?
2. Yes - No:
● word order changes only if the verb is 'съм'... 'съм' is placed at the end
● the particle 'ли' is always added
●'ли' is placed before the form of the verb 'съм' and after all other verb forms
○ statement: ▪Вие пътувате днес.
▪Вие сте студент.
○ question: ▪ Вие пътувате ли днес?
▪ Вие студент ли сте? |
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Term
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Definition
◆ cannot begin a sentence or phrase
◆ съм:
● a form of 'съм' must always occur next to its verb, and before if possible
◆ се
● the particle 'се' must always occur next to its verb, and before if possible
● when 'се' accompanies a verb it is an integral part of that verb and must appear with every instance of the verb
● some verbs do not exist without 'се'
● most verbs exist in two variants, with and without 'се'. The presence or absence of 'се' changes the meaning |
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Term
| Fleeting vowels in adjectives |
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Definition
Feminine, neuter, and plural nouns and adjectives end in a vowel. Masculine nouns and adjectives usually end in a consonant. Frequently the consonant is preceeded by the vowel 'ъ' or 'е' which drops out in other forms of the adjective.
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
добър добра добро добри
тежък тежка тежко тежки
гладен гладна гладно гладни |
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Term
| How to express the ides 'and' : 'и' and 'а' |
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Definition
● и: use if two objects are equal; 'и' is usually translated as "also" when used at the beginning of a sentence
● а: use if there is some kind of contrast |
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Term
How to express the idea 'you' |
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Definition
● ти: singular form used to address children, God, animals, and close friends
● вие: plural form is used for people one does not know well, elders, and people of higher rank. 'вие' is capitalized when used in a letter. |
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Term
adjective and pronoun endings |
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Definition
objects: subjects
...ски ...ият
...ска ...ият
...ско ...ият
example: as subject:
(The crocodile airplane...)
Крокодилският самолет...
(The sporty airplane...)
Спортнят самолет...
example: as object:
(I always use the crocodile airplane.)
...крокодилскя самолет. |
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Term
expressing a future event as 'will' or 'will not' |
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Definition
positive: ще
negative: няма да
examples:
(I allow)
Ще позволявам
(I will never allow...)
Няма да позволявам...
present: (I never allow...)
Никога позволявам... |
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Term
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Definition
• a certain year:
(in) ... в 1914 г.
(during) ... през 1914 г.
• a certain date:
На 15 Февруари 1914 г.
• a future date:
Скоро сте съм на 15 Февруари 2050 г. |
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