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| Concepts are general ideas formed in the mind: ‘general' meaning that concepts apply to every one of a class of things (usually described as a category) |
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| Whereas ‘concept' refers to something in the mind ‘category' refers to those things in the world which a concept is about. |
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| Participants are shown an array of different items (sometimes words printed on cards) and asked to sort them into groups |
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| Concepts for which there is a single word |
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| Classical view of concepts |
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Definition
Things belong to categories because they possess certain properties in common.
1) If something is a member of a category, then it must possess the properties common to the category's members. (necessary conditions)
2) If something possesses the properties common to a category's members, then it too must be a member of the category (sufficient conditions) |
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Definition
| For example, the dogginess of a dog |
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| Category or sentence verification |
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Definition
| Method whereby participants are asked to verify sentences that express categorization judgements eg. 'A penguin is a bird' |
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| A measure of the central tendency of a category that concepts are organized around |
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| Some categories like even number seem amenable to definition. For these well defined categories, the classical view appears to give a good explanation of category membership |
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| Prototype theories seem to work well for fuzzy categories like red that seem to have genuine borderline cases. For these, similarity to a prototype might provide the best explanation of category membership |
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