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06 Antibiotics
Absite
54
Classics
Post-Graduate
12/19/2017

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Term
best anti-septic coverage?
Definition
Chlorhexadine > betadine (no fungal coverage)
Term
Anti-virals
-tx for HSV
-CMV
Definition
HSV = Acyclovir

CMV = Ganciclovir
Term
Anti TB drugs
-INH tox/prevention
Definition
-hepatotox
-periph neuropathy (prevent w/B6)
Term
Anti TB drugs
-SE
Definition
1. hepatotox = INH, Rifamp, Pyrazinamide
2. periph neuro = INH
3. Retrobulbar neuritis = ethambultol
4. Oto/nephrotox = Streptomycin
Term
Anti TB drugs
-mech
Definition
1. INH = cell wall (mycolic acids)
2. Rif = RNA polymerase
3. Pyrazinamide = cell wall (arabinogalactan)
4. Ethambutol = inhibit FA synth
5. Streptomycin = small ribo sub-unit (30S)
Term
Amphotercin
how to diminish SE?
Definition
liposomal form
-renal tox (DI)
-hepatotox, anemia, hypoK
Term
Eraxis
-mech
-SE
Definition
*anidulafungin*
-cell wall glucan inhibitor
-few SE, undergoes spont degredation
Term
diflucan =
Definition
fluconazole
Term
voriconazole mech
Definition
fungal p450 inhibitor
==| ergosterol
Term
itra vs fluconazole
Definition
Itraconazole = more broad specturm
Term
invasive aspergillposis tx
Definition
voriconazole
Term
Drug dose adjustment @ peak vs trough too high
Definition
peak = dec amount

trough = dec frequency
Term
VRE TX
Definition
Linezolid
Term
Flagyl mech
Definition
ferredoxin = active metab
-O2 radical formation
Term
Common clinda indications
Definition
-Asp pna (anaerobic coverage)
-C perfringens
Term
drug combo to avoid w/macrolides?
Definition
macro + statin
-periph neuropathy
Term
List the macrolides
Definition
erythrom
azithro
clarithromycin
Term
Macrolide SE?
Definition
QT prolongation
Nausea w/PO
Cholestasis w/IV
Term
Amingolycoside
-resistance mech
Definition
decreased active transport
Term
aminoglycoside SE
Definition
reversible nephrotox
irreversible ototox
Term
Quinolones (list)
-SE
Definition
*-floxacin*
-tendon rupture
-periph neuro
Term
what facilitates aminoglycoside uptake?
Definition
beta lactam
Term
Bactrim coverage
Definition
GNR (+/- GPCs)
Term
Important bactrim SE
Definition
SJS
Hemolysis @ G6PD def
Term
Aztreonam abx class
Definition
Monobactam
-GNR coverage
Term
vanc resistance mech?
Definition
change in cell wall binding site
Term
pphsy redman syndrome
Definition
2/2 vanc -->histamine release
Term
% w/penicillin allergy that have cephalosporin allergy?
Definition
10%
Term
coverage differences between cephalosporin generations
Definition
1st = GPCs. No CNS penetration
2nd = GPC + GNR
3rd = GNRs
Term
list first gen cephalosporins
Definition
cefazolin
cephalexin
Term
list 2nd gen cephs
Definition
cefoxitin
cefotetan
cefuroxime
Term
list 3rd gen cephs
Definition
cefTRIax
cefTAZ
cefepmie
Term
Anti staph pencillins =
Definition
oxa, naf, methicillin
-beta lactamase resistant
Term
amino pen =
Definition
ampicillin
amoxicillin
(have enerococci coverage)
Term
combo amino-penicillin drugs
Definition
*beta-lactamase inhibitors*
ampicillin + sUlbactam = Unasyn
amoxicillin + clavulanic acid = Augmentin
Term
extended spectrum penicillins =
Definition
ticarcillin, piperacillin
Term
Zosyn = piperacillin + sulbactam
Definition
Term
what abx are ineffective in presence of beta-lactamase?
Definition
PCN
cephalosporin
monobactams
carbapenems
Term
Gent resistance mech
Definition
dec active transport into cell
Term
fluoroquin resistance mech?
Definition
DNA gyrase mutation = can't bind
Term
macrolid resistance mech?
Definition
ribosomal subunit mutation= can't bind
Term
flagyl resistance mech?
Definition
nitroreductase gene/plasmid = drug is taken up and reduced w/out formation of damaging nitro-radicals
*nitro or O2 radicals??*
Term
MRSA / VRE resistance mech?
Definition
alterations in cell wall binding protein
Term
MDR pseudomonas mech
Definition
efflux pumps
Term
bugs that use beta-lactamse for MDR
Definition
klebsiella
serratia
enterobacter
Term
Inhibitors of cell wall synth
-list
Definition
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carapenems
Monobactams
Vanc
Term
Small subunit ribosome inhibitors
Definition
tetracyclines
aminoglycosides (IRREV)
Linezolid (IRREV)
Term
Large ribosome subunit inhibitors
Definition
Macrolides
Clinda
Chloramphenicol
Synercid (irrev)
Term
DNA helicase inhibitors
Definition
quinolones (DNA gyrase)
Term
RNA polymerase inhibitors
Definition
Rifampin
Term
Dapto mech
Definition
membrane depolarizer
Term
Sulfonamide mech
Definition
PABA analogue
-inhibits purine synth
Term
Trimethoprim mech
Definition
DHFR inhibitor
-inhib purine synth
Term
What abx are baceriostatic ?
Definition
chloramphenicol
Tetracycline
Clinda
Macrolides
Bactrim
*all others = bacteriocidal*
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