Apollo

Etruscan

painted terra cotta

molding practice; variation of kouros - clothed; hollow to counter heaviness of clay

Aulus Metellus

Roman Republic

bronze

elected official, orator's pose; interest in individualized features, not ideals like Greek; origins perhaps in death masks

Pont du Gard

aqueduct

France

aqueduct transports water; three arcades of evenly spaced arches

Augustus of Primaporta

Augustan Rome

marble

first emperor; found at wife's villa; military figure but with orator's pose; propaganda, relation to democractic republic; contrapposto pose

Ara Pacis

Augustan Rome

marble

celebrating peace and prosperity; depicts success in Gaul; "Altar of Peace"; depth of relief relates to distance of imagery

Heraklitos

Unswept Floor

mosaic

illusionistic mosaic; trompe l'oeil - to fool the eye; faked shadows

Colosseum

Roman Empire

Rome

Flavian Amphitheatre; sporting events (50,000 seats); network of drainage; canvas canopy; filled with water for mock navy battles; stone and concrete; system of groin vaults; faced concrete with stone veneer

Arch of Titus

Roman Empire

Rome

triumphal arch, 50 ft high; inscribed with text; uses composite order of Ionic and Corinthian; relief sculpture inside arch depicts capture of Jerusalem

Pantheon

Roman Empire

Rome

comissioned by Hadrian; traditional entry porch with rotunda and dome; coffers = rectangular cut outs to reduce weight

Pantheon

Roman Empire

Rome

Hadrian's Wall

Roman Empire

England

expansion required defenses; 20 ft tall, 73+ miles long; 8-10 ft thick

Marcus Aurelius

Roman Empire

gilded bronze (gold leaf)

last of 5 Good Emperors; remnants of orator's pose; triumphant military leader, originally mistaken by Christians as Constantine

Young Flavian Woman

Roman Empire

marble

private portraiture comissioned by the wealthy; individual features; detailing of curled hair

Colossal Head of Constantine

Late Roman Empire

Rome

8.5 feet tall; imposing figure