Term
| Understand how valence electrons participate in covalent bond formation. |
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Definition
| Valence e-'s are between atoms in order to fill outer orbitals |
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Term
| Describe Polar Covalent bonds |
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Definition
- Unequal time sharing e-'s
- Electroneg. 0.5 - 1.6 |
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Term
| Describe Non-Polar Covalent bonds |
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Definition
- Equal time sharing e-'s
- Electroneg. < 0.5 |
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Term
| What are the electroneg. ranges for strong bonds |
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Definition
- Non-Polar Covalent (< 0.5)
- Polar Covalent (0.5 - 1.6) |
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Term
| Identify strong bond and weak bonds |
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Definition
Strong:
- Non-Polar Covalent
- Polar Covalent
- Ionic
Weak:
- H-Bonding
- Van der Waals
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Term
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Definition
- H bonded w/H, N, or O
- Polar Covalent
- Electroneg. 0.5 - 1.6 |
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Term
| Describe Van der Waals bonds |
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Definition
- Hydrophobic interaction
- Fluctuating dipole |
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Term
| Understand why dynamic living systems depend on weak bond interactions. |
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Definition
- Don’t require enzymes to make/break bonds (unlike strong bonds)
- Many weak bonds together become strong due to consensus binding |
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Term
| How does H-bonding influence heat capacity (water property) |
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Definition
| Heat is molecular vibration, too much vibration disrupts the H-bonds, turning them to the gas phase. |
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Term
| What are the properties of water |
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Definition
- Heat Capacity
- Cohesion
- Density
- Hydration |
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Term
| How does H-bonding influence cohesion (water property) |
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Definition
| H2O molecules stick together due to the strength of the numerous H-bonds between the molecules, distributing the force on the water, creates surface tension. |
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Term
| How does H-bonding influence density (water property) |
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Definition
| Cooling H2O molecules slows them and their vibrations down. They then form a maximally bound H-bond structure, expanding the overall liquid |
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Term
| How does H-bonding influence hydration (water property) |
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Definition
| Autolysis; H2O (very rarely can) break its H-bond with one another and gain an e-, forming a hydronium ion (leading to pH) |
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Term
| How do hydrophilic substances behave in water |
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Definition
| Polar; interacts w/H2O in H bonding |
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Term
| How do hydrophobic substances behave in water |
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Definition
| Non-Polar; pushed away by H bond network |
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Term
| What is autohydration and what is its importance to pH |
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Definition
- H2O can break its polar covalent bond to form OH- and H3O+
- pH is the measure of [H+] in a sample (log); therefore -log[H3O+] |
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Term
| Rough estimate of the pH scale |
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Definition
- Low pH --> Acidic (less H+)
- High pH --> Basic |
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