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Definition
A Screening tool; a way for pediatricians to begin to identify children and toddlers who might be at risk for Autism.
• Looks for milestones, development not progressing as it ought to, markers and warning signs.
• Original published in 2001
o 1076 Screened, 30/44 received diagnosis (“hit rate”)
o Considered to have a high false positive
• It’s better to have a high false positive than a high false negative || “Better safe than Sorry” |
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Definition
(M-CHAT-R)
Not based on any direct observation of the pediatrician
Indirect Assessment – The person gathering the information does not have direct contact with the behavior of interest.
• There are limitations and problems with indirect assessments |
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(M-CHAT-R)
associated with "No Response to all items except 2.5 & 12. |
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Definition
(M-CHAT-R)
o 0-2 failed items = “low risk”
o 3-7 failed items = “medium risk” (necessary follow-up)
o 8 + failed items = “high risk” (referral for diagnostic evaluation) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Autism Diagnostic Interview, Indirect Interview |
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| Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Direct Assessment |
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Term
| psychodynamic and psychoanalytic |
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Definition
o The predominant perspective was _____ || Sigmund Freud
• A model that suggests that early childhood traumas serve the impetus for later disorder.
• Relies a lot on talking and conveying what those childhood traumas were. |
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Term
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Definition
o Belief that Autism was a form a _____
• JADD was originally titled Journal of Autism and ______ |
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Definition
| Belief that Autism was a ______ (not organic); it was a psychological disorder |
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Definition
Bruno Bettleheim steeped in psychodynamic model and made popular the phrase the _____.
• Infants developing normally would withdraw into an autistic state because they received a lack of maternal love
Became the accepted theory in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s |
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Definition
Founded the Orthogenic School in Chicago and reported a recovery rate of ~85%
Suicide, 1990
Posthumously, all of his data was debunked and it was discovered that they was completely fabricated |
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Definition
| _____ was the first to use the word “Autism” and included strains of this idea in his paper. |
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Definition
| _____ sought to refute predominant theories of the time, including the idea of the Refrigerator Mother |
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Definition
Rimland proposed the idea _____ (1964)
Proposed that Autism was biological in nature and that it was a neurological disorder.
• He was beginning to foster and promote science and the scientific method in terms of studying and treating Autism. |
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| Autism Society of America (ASA) |
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Definition
Bernard Rimland Founded the _____ in 1965
Advocating for parents, teaching them were to get resources, teaching them about the diagnosis |
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Term
| Autism Research Institute (ARI) |
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Definition
Bernard Rimland founded the _____ in 1967
To study biomedical approaches to intervention. |
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Term
| Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) |
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Definition
| Lends itself to bias that is associated with Indirect Measures, (comes out of the ARI) |
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Definition
| 100% shared genetic material, shared placenta |
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Definition
| 50% shared genetic material, different placenta |
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The extent to which if one sibling has autism, the other sibling has autism.
(1977)
o 0/11 Dz
o 4/10 Mz (40% Concordance)
(1995)
o 0/11 Dz
o 11/17 Mz |
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Definition
An intervention called _____ (used to treat GI problems)
Helped a child with true GI problems, but not found to be helpful in general |
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Definition
| The most common and prevailing logic is that there are many forms of Autism, but nobody can tell them apart and, therefore, they each have many different _____. |
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Medication & LSD
o Decreased hallucinations/ bizarre speech
o Elevated mood
o Decreased Ritualistic Behavior & Stereotypy
o Increased interaction with others |
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Definition
shock & aversive stimulation
o distinguished from Behavior Analysis
o Behavior Modification was simply about changing behavior and not understanding it |
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Definition
| Starts out in around the 1850s as a Humanitarian effort to help people in need |
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Definition
1880s: ~_____ state funded hospitals across the nation
• US Census (1850) - ~15,000 people with MR
• US Census (1880) - ~95,000 people with MR |
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Definition
| 1966: ____ exposed Institutional conditions of neglect and psychological abuse |
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1972: famous exposé on Willowbrook
opened in 1952
capacity of 2000
in 1960s house ~6000 patients |
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Term
| Deinstitutionalization Movement |
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Definition
Whole groups of children and adults coming out of institutions and being sent home
• Schools and other forms of community based treatment centers pick up the responsibilities of treating this group.
• This sets the stage for the proliferation of treatment options. |
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o 1975: PL 94-142
• Individuals with Disabilities Education Act |
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1981: _____
• Allocated resources for treatment
• Now called the Medicaid Waiver
• This is how many programs are funded for people with disabilities |
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Definition
treat self-injurious behavior
Based on the idea that self-injurious behavior causes tissue damage/pain and causes the body to produce opiates (naturally occurring painkillers)
• Beta endorphins dull pain
By blocking the beta endorphin then it would lead to a decrease in self-injurious behavior because it was no longer being maintained by beta endorphin. |
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