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001 Introduction to Pathophysiology
Intro chapter to Pathophysiolgy
65
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
05/18/2013

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Term
Acute disease
Definition
Develops rapidly; severe symptoms, short term
Term
Anaplasia
Definition
Undifferentiated cells containing variable nuclear and cell structures, plus numerous mitotic figures
Term
Apoptosis
Definition
Normal, "programmed" cell death
Term
Atrophy
Definition
A decrease in the size of a cell, organ, or the entire body
Term
Biopsy
Definition
Procedure in which a small amount of living tissue is surgically removed for examination
Term
Chronic Disease
Definition
Develops gradually; milder symptoms, persistent with permanent damage
Term
Communicable diseases
Definition
Infectious diseases spread from person to person
Term
Compensatory hyperplasia
Definition
A physiologic response; an adaptive mechanism that allows certain cells, such as the liver, to regenerate
Term
Complication
Definition
Secondary or additional problem that arises as a consequence of the original disease and occurs after onset of original condition
Term
convalescence (rehabilitation)
Definition
Recovery period; return to a normal, healthy state
Term
Diagnosis
Definition
Determination of the nature of a given disease or disorder
Term
Diagnostic test
Definition
Laboratory test given to assist in the diagnosis of a specific disease
Term
Dysplasia
Definition
Abnormal change in size, shape, and organization of mature cells
Term
Endogenous
Definition
Refers to a condition arising from within the organsim
Term
Epidemic
Definition
Condition when a disease occurs at a greater frequency than usual in a population of a given area
Term
Epidemiology
Definition
Study of distribution and causes of a disease in a population
Term
Etiology
Definition
Study of the cause or origin of a disease/disorder
Term
Exacerbation
Definition
Manifestations of the disease increase
Term
Exogenous
Definition
Refers to a condition with external causes
Term
Free Radicals
Definition
Atoms, molecules, or ions with unpaired electrons in an open shell configuration that are highly chemically reactive
Term
Gangrene
Definition
Necrotic tissue infected with bacteria
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
The ability of a cell or organism to maintain normal/stable internal functioning while reacting to the external environment
Term
Hormonal hyperplasia
Definition
A physiologic response that results from hormonal stimulation, mainly in estrogen-dependent organs such as the uterus and breast
Term
Hyperplasia
Definition
A condition in which there is an abnormal multiplication or increase in the number of healthy cells
Term
Hypertrophy
Definition
An increase in the size of a cell, resulting in a size increase of the tissues and/or organs
Term
Hypoxia
Definition
Condition of reduced oxygen in the tissue
Term
Iatrogenic
Definition
Resulting from a treatment, procedure or error
Term
Idiopathic
Definition
Disease or disorder of unknown cause
Term
Incidence
Definition
Number of new cases of a disease in a given population
Term
Incubation period
Definition
Time between exposure to microorganism and onset of signs/symptoms
Term
Infarction
Definition
An area of dead cells resulting from a lack of oxygen
Term
Insidious
Definition
A gradual progression of a disease with vague or mild signs
Term
Ischemia
Definition
Decreased blood supply to an organ or tissue
Term
Latent
Definition
Stage in which clinical signs are absent ("silent" stage)
Term
Lesion
Definition
An abnormality in the structure of a tissue or organ
Term
Local signs
Definition
Found at site of the problem
Term
Lysis
Definition
Cell "bursting" caused by the destruction of the plasma membrane
Term
Macroscopic
Definition
Visible to the naked eye
Term
Manifestations
Definition
Refers to signs and symptoms of a disease
Term
Metaplasia
Definition
A reversible change of one cell type into another
Term
Microscopic
Definition
Visible only when magnified by a microscope
Term
Morbidity
Definition
Incidence or prevalence of a disease in a population
Term
Mortality
Definition
Indicated death rate resulting from a particular disease
Term
Necrosis
Definition
Dying or dead tissue
Term
Neoplasm
Definition
Any new, abnormal, uncontrolled growth; cancerous tumor
Term
Notifiable (reportable) diseases
Definition
Diseases that must be reported by a physician to the appropriate health authorities
Term
Pandemic
Definition
Infections/diseases that spread worldwide
Term
Pathogenesis
Definition
Development of the disease or sequence of events related to a particular disease process
Term
Pathologic hyperplasia
Definition
Abnormal proliferation of normal cells that may be due to excessive hormonal stimulation or the effect of growth factors on target cells
Term
Pathophysiology
Definition
The study of physiologic (functional) changes as a result of a disease process
Term
Precipitating factor
Definition
Factor that triggers an acute episode
Term
Predisposing factors
Definition
Tendencies that promote the development of a disease in an individual
Term
Prevalence
Definition
The number of new and old or existing cases of a disease within a specific population and time period
Term
Probability
Definition
The statistical likelihood of a specific outcome/occurrence
Term
Prodromal period
Definition
Period after infection when the patient begins to feel the onset of signs/symptoms
Term
Prognosis
Definition
Probability for recovery or other outcome
Term
Prophylactic medication
Definition
Medication regimen to prevent the occurrence of a disease or condition
Term
Remission
Definition
Manifestations of the disease subside
Term
Sequelae
Definition
Potential, unwanted outcomes of the primary condition
Term
Signs
Definition
Objective indicators of a disease
Term
Subclinical
Definition
State in disease process when pathological changes in tissue/organ occur, but no obvious signs/symptoms are present
Term
Symptoms
Definition
Subjective feelings such as pain or nausea
Term
Syndrome
Definition
Collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more than one organ
Term
Systemic signs
Definition
General indicators of an illness
Term
Therapy (therapeutic measures)
Definition
Treatment measures to promote recovery or slow the progression of a disease
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