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| Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory- the repulsion between electron pairs cause molecular shapes to adjust so that the valence-electron stay as far apart as possible. |
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A2 or AX (diatomic) AX2 (triatomic) 1 or 2 shared pairs No unshared pairs on central atom Bond angle: 180o |
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AB2 2 shared pairs Some unshared pairs on central atom Bond angle: less than 180o |
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| Triagonal Planar Properties (4) |
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AX3 3 shared pairs No unshared pairs on central atom Bond angle: 120o |
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| Triagonal Bipyramidal propertes (4) |
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AX5 5 unshared pairs No unshared pairs on central atom Bond angle: 90o and 120o |
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| Octahedral properties (4) |
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AX6 6 unshared pairs No unshared pairs on central atom Bond angle: 90o |
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| Polar Bond properties (2) |
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Uneven charge distribution difference in electronegatibity (0.3- 1.7) 2 different atoms in a bond |
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| Nonpolar bond properties (3) |
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Equal charge distribution no difference in electronegatibity USameU atoms in a bond |
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| If a molecule is symmetrical then it is (polar/nonpolar) |
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| If a molecule is not symmetrical, then it is (polar/nonpolar) |
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| Diatomic elements definition |
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| Elements that are always found in pairs. |
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7 Oxygen Nitrogen Flourine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Hydrogen located in the shape of a seven on the periodic table ecept for hydrogen |
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| "Like dissolves like" meaning |
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Polar solutions dissolve polar materials Nonpolar solutions dissolve nonpolar materials Polar solutions do not dissolve nonpolar materials |
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Van der Waals forces between one molecule and its neighbor |
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| Dipole- dipole interactions (3) |
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Between polar molecues Positive end of one molecule attracts negative end of another molecule Gives polar molecules higher poiling points than nonpolar molecules |
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| London dispersion forces (4) |
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Between nonpolar molecules Most common force Very weak force E-movement causes temporary dipole |
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| Note: All molecules have _____, but nonpolar molecules ONLY have ______! |
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| London Forces (omit if first) |
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Must have H bonded to N, O, or F Strongest intermolecular force Gives water special properties |
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Special Properties of Water These properties make our life on earth possible! (7) |
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Low melting point High boiling point High heat of vaporation Surface tension Capillary action Solid is less dense than liquid Universal solvent |
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