Term
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Definition
| Produce Pulmonary Surfactant |
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Term
| Angeotensin Converting Enzyme |
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Definition
| Found in the lung, converts Angeotensin I to II |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the most powerful vasoconstrictors known. Important for water balance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of lung composed of the airways down to the terminal bronchioles. No gas exchange occurs here (no alveoli) |
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Term
| Transition/Respiratory Zone |
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Definition
| Part of the lung from the terminal bronchioli to the alveoli. Gas exchange occurs here. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of air a person moves under normal conditions. |
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Term
| Inspiratory Reserve Volume |
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Definition
| Amount of air moved with a maximal inspiration effort above a normal tidal volume. |
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Term
| Expiratory Reserve Volume |
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Definition
| Amount of air moved after a maximum exhalation effort beyond the normal tidal volume. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation effort. |
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Term
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Definition
| = Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume |
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Term
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Definition
| = Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume |
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Term
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Definition
| = Inspiratory Reserve Volme + Tidal Volume |
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Term
| Functional Residual Capacity |
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Definition
| = Expiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary Muscle of Inspriation. Dome shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Increases vertical chest size during breathing by pushing abdominal contents down. |
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Term
| External Intercostal Muscles |
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Definition
| muscles connecting adjacent ribs. Elevate the ribs during inhalation increasing lateral chest cavity size. |
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Term
| Internal Intercostal Muscles |
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Definition
| Lower the ribs during forceful exhale. |
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Term
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Definition
| Change in volume per change in pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Difference between inhalation and exhalation pressure/volume curves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Membrane covering the outside of the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Membrane covering the inside of the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduces the resistance of surface tension on breathing. Helps small alveoli stay open during an entire breathing cycle. Helps keep alveoli dry. |
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Term
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Definition
| Difference in pressure between the inside and outside of the lung. Equals alveolar pressure minus intrapleural pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure in the space between the visceral and parietal pleura. Slightly negative (below atmospheric) at rest due to lung elasticity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure in the alveolar spaces. Equals atmospheric pressure at rest. |
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Term
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Definition
Amount of Fresh air introduced into the respiratory zone during unit time.
= (Tidal Volume - Deadspace Volume) * breathing frequency |
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Term
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Definition
| Air introduced into the intrapleural space causing the lung to collapse. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein composed of four polypeptide chains with an iron molecule in the middle. Oxygen reversibly binds to the iron molecule. Each molecule can carry 4 oxygen molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Partial pressure of oxygen at which 50% of hemoglobin are saturated. |
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Term
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Definition
Capacity of any given volume of blood to carry oxygen with relation to hemoglobin.
= [Hb] x 1.34 ml O2 / gm Hb |
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Term
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Definition
Total amount of oxygen in the blood, both in hemoglobin and dissolved.
= ([Hb] * 1.34 ml O2/gm Hb) * % saturation + dissolved O2 |
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Term
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Definition
Amount of oxygen in combination with hemoglobin divided by the amount of oxygen hemoglobin can carry.
= O2 with Hb * 100 / O2 Capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition where one has a low concentration of hemoglobin. |
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Term
| Henderson Hasselbach Equation |
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Definition
Relationship between Bicarbonate and PCO2 to pH.
= pK + log [HCO3- / (0.03 * PCO2)]
When the ratio is 20, blood pH is normal (7.4) |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood pH of less than 7.4 cause by PCO2 > 40 or HCO3 < 24 |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood pH > 7.4. Caused by PCO2 < 40 or HCO3 > 24. |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of fibroelastic tissue in the lung - decrease in lung recoil. In order to exhale, forceful contraction is necessary, causing compression of airways, which, due to the loss of elastic tissue, causing airway collapse. |
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Term
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Definition
Total amount of air moved per unit time.
= Tidal Volume * Frequency of breathing |
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Term
| Hypoxic Pulmonary Constriction |
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Definition
| Vasoconstriction of areas in the lung with poor ventilation, redirecting the blood flow to areas better ventilated. Tries to match ventilation and perfusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anatomical Dead Space as well as areas of the lung where there is a poor V/Q ratio. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anatomical arrangment where venous blood bypasses the lungs and dumps into the arterial system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Circulation that follows the airways providing nutrients for the lungs. Example of an anatomical shunt. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the amount of fluid entering the interstitium is greater than the lymph drainage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Located in chest wall. During expansion of chest wall, at a certain point send messages to stop inspiration. Will also prompt inspiration during prolong periods of no breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulated by pulmonary edema to promote coughing. |
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Term
| Peripheral Chemoreceptors |
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Definition
| Located in the aortic and coartic bodies, respond to changes in PO2, pH and large changes in PCO2. |
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Term
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Definition
| Located on the floor of the fourth ventricle. Bathed by cerebral spinal fluid and are behind the blood brain barrier. Respond to changes in pH, brought about by changes in CO2, in the CSF. |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary organ of gas exchange for a fetus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carries the most oxygenated blood in a fetus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Seperates maternal blood from fetal blood. |
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Term
| Acute Respiratory Acidosis |
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Definition
| [HCO3] tends to increase by 1.00 mM/L per 10 mmHg rise in PCO2 |
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Term
| Chronic Respiratory Acidosis |
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Definition
| [HCO3] tends to increase by 3-4 mM/L for each 10mmHg rise in PCO2 |
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Term
| Acute Respiratory Alkalosis |
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Definition
| [HCO3] tends to decrease by 2 mM/L for each 10mmHg reduction in PCO2 |
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Term
| Chronic Respiratory Alkalosis |
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Definition
| [HCO3] tends to decrease by 4-5 mM/L for each 10mmHg reduction in PCO2 |
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Term
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Definition
| PCO2 tends to decrease 1.2 mmHg for each 1mM/L fall in [HCO3] |
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Term
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Definition
| PCO2 tends to increase 0.7 - 1.0 mmHg for each 1mM/L increase in [HCO3] |
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