Suborder Tenrecomorpha

Suborder Chrysochloridea

Order Afrosoricida

Order Erinaceomorpha

Order Soricomorpha

Order Macroscelidea

Order Scandentia

Order Dermoptera

Suborder Tenrecomorpha

Family Tenrecidae

Tenrecs & Otter Shrews

-- no auditory bullae (ring-shaped tympanic bone instead)

-- Incomplete zygomatic arch

-- Cloaca present in some genera

-- Some echolocate

-- Spiny tenrecs have paniculus carnosus

-- incomplete zygomatic arch(turns up)

-- no auditory bullae(ring shaped tympanic bone instead)

-- Ex.

- Streaked tenrec (heterothermic, echolocation, hibernates, stritulating organ for intraspecific communication)

- Web footed tenrec

- Shrew Tenrec

- Tailless Tenrec

-- All listed as endangered(habitat loss)

-- relict group of africa

-- ex.

- Giant Otter Shrew (up to 1 Kg)

- Small Otter Shrew (Central africa dwarf otter shrew and Mt. Nimbaotter shrew)

Order Afrosoricida

Family Chrysochloridae

Golden Moles

-- convergent w/ other fossorials

-- no pinnae

-- vestigial eyes

-- Low freuency hearing

-- Detect Siesmic vibrations

-- 5th digit of hand missing

-- 2nd and 3rd form pick like claw

-- nose pad used to push through soil

-- forelimbs not rotated like Tilpidae

-- Grant's Golden Mole

Hedgehogs, Gymnures & Moon rats

--Hedgehogs only one with spines

Order Soricimorpha

Family Solenodontidae

Solenodons

-- Crude echolocation

-- endangered(habitat loss)

--Ex.

- Hispaniolan Solenodon (venomous from groove in canine)

- Cuban Solenodon

Family Solenodontidae

Family Neshophontidae

Family Soricidae

Family Talpidae

Order Soricimorpha

Family Nesophontidae

West Indian Shrew

-- Extinct

-- mouse to rat sized

-- like solenodons

Order Soricimorpha

Family Soricidae

Shrews

-- largest and most distributed insectivores

-- Shrews with red teeth (nearctic, palearctic, and oriental)

-- Shrews with white teeth (old world)

-- no zygomatic arch

-- no bulae(instead tympanic annular)

-- highest average blood oxygen of all mammals

-- no circadian rythems (always eating)

-- primitive echolocation with high-freuency sound (also intraspecific communication)

-- caravanning

-- Short-tailed shrew and European water shrew venomous (thru 1st lower incisorfrom submaxillary gland, stuns prey so they can cache for later)

-- Ex.

- Least Shrew(endangered)

- Northern Short-tailed Shrew

- Masked Shrew

- Pygmy Shrew

- Smokey Shrew

- Long Tailed Shrew

- Water Shrew

Order Soricimorpha

Family Talpidae

Moles, Shrew Moles & Desmans

-- fossorial (keeled sternum, no pinae, fusiform)

-- Eimer's organs well developed

-- Can smell under water

-- Ex.

- Desmans (2sp=Russian & Pyrenean, semi-auatic,echolocate)

- American Shrew Mole

- European Mole

- Star-nosed Moles

Order Macroscelidea

Family Macroscelididae

Elephant Shrews

-- African

-- Cursorial runners(maintain roads)

-- bask to reduce energy use

-- monogamous

-- scat piles for territorial marking

-- ex.

-Checkered Elephant Shrew

- Golden rumped elephant shrew

Family Ptilocercidae

Family Tupaiidae

(tree shrews)

-- considered primate link

-- indo-malayan faunal region

-- caniform upper incisors

-- hole in zygomatic arch

-- post-orbital process well developed (primate-like)

Order Scandentia

Family Ptilocercidae

Pen-tailed Tree Shrew

-- Monotypic

-- White eye shine

-- Alcohol tolerant from rotten fruit diet

-- Pollinators

Order Scandentia

Family Tupaiidae

Tree Shrews

-- excesive scent markers

-- family groups

-- uick moving and vocal

-- absentee parent care (every other day to avoid predation)

-- ex.

- Mountain Tree Shrew

- Long-nosed Tree Shrew

Order Dermoptera

Family Cynocephalidae

Colugos

-- dermoptera=skin-winged

-- called flying lemurs but are neither

-- dichromatic sexes

-- 1st 2 lower incisors pectinate(comblike)

-- double rooted canines

-- glissant

-- petagium more extensive than in any other glider

-- keeled sternum

-- foliovores(large cecum and intestines)