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| Alternate forms of one gene that are responsible for traits passed from parents to offspring. |
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| Reproduction in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
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| A simple form of reproduction in which a single cell splits into two. |
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| The point where two chromosomes touch and exchange segments in crossing over during meiosis. |
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| The coiled and condensed form of DNA that appears during cell reproduction and division. Humans have 46, arranged in 23 pairs. |
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| Hereditary material that controls all the activities of a cell and contains the information to make new cells and proteins. |
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| A trait that is always expressed in the phenotype when one or more alleles is present in the genotype. |
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| Haploid sex cells (egg or sperm) produced as a result of meiosis. |
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Definition
| A cell with a complete set of chromosomes for a given species, half of which were inherited from each parent. |
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| A cell containing half the full set of chromosomes for a given species; necessary to preserve the correct number of chromosomes in all organisms reproducing sexually. |
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Definition
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| Segments of DNA that carry hereditary instructions and are passed from parent to offspring; located on chromosomes. |
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| The inherited combination of alleles; represented by alphabetic letters. |
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Definition
| The passing of traits from parent to offspring. |
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| Chromosomes with matching information |
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| A fertilized cell containing two copies of the same kind of allele, either two dominant or two recessive alleles. |
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Definition
| A fertilized cell containing two different alleles, one dominant and one recessive. |
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Definition
| Cell division that produces sex cells or gametes. |
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Definition
| An organism's inherited appearance; the physical expression of traits present in the genotype. |
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Definition
| The mathematical chance that an event will occur. |
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| A graphic tool used to visualize all of the possible combinations of alleles from two parents. |
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| A trait that is expressed in the phenotype ONLY when two recessive alleles for the characteristic are inherited in the genotype. |
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Definition
| A plant that contains both male and female reproductive structures. |
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Definition
| An egg or sperm cell; a sex cell carries half the number of chromosomes found in other body cells. |
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Definition
| Chromosomes that carry the genes that determine offspring gender; the X and Y chromosomes in humans. |
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Definition
| Reproduction in which two haploid gametes join to form a diploid zygote. |
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Definition
| A distinctive quality that can be passed from one generation to another. |
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Definition
| A plant that always produces offspring with the same trait as the parents. |
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| Another description for true-breeding or homozygous individuals. |
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| Another description for heterozygous individuals. |
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Definition
| The exchange of segments between homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis; this increases the number of possible gene combinations passed from parents to offspring. |
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