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Cancer - Neoplasia
Neoplasia - terms & definitions
48
Medical
Graduate
12/12/2009

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Term
Adenoma
Definition
benign epithelial neoplasm arising from glandular structures
Term
Papilloma
Definition
benign epithelial neoplasm from surface epithelium that forms finger-like projections
Term
Cystadenoma
Definition
benign epithelial neoplasm that forms cystic structure (filled with fluid); commonly seen in ovary
Term
Papillary Cystadenoma
Definition
cystadenoma with finger-like projections inside; commonly seen in ovary
Term
Polyps
Definition
visible protrusion above mucosal surface; commonly seen in colon, nose, and uterus
Term
Tubular Adenoma
Definition
colonic polyps
Term
Polypoid Cancers
Definition
malignant polyps
Term
Lipoma
Definition
benign mesenchymal tumor of adipose tissue; well circumscribed
Term
Most common benign tumor in males
Definition
lipoma
Term
Fibroma
Definition
benign mesenchymal tumor of fibrous tissue; seen in the ovary
Term
Chondroma
Definition
benign mesenchymal tumor of hyaline cartilage; well circumscribed nodes
Term
Osteoma
Definition
benign mesenchymal tumor of bone; interconnected trabeculae of woven bone
Term
Hemangioma
Definition
benign tumor of blood vessels
Term
Most common tumor in children
Definition
hemangioma
Term
Lymphangioma
Definition
benign tumor of the lymph vessels; commonly seen in children
Term
Leiomyoma
Definition
benign tumor of smooth muscle; commonly seen in uterus (fibroids), GI tract
Term
Most common tumor in females
Definition
Leiomyoma
Term
Rhabdomyoma
Definition
benign mesenchymal tumor of striated muscle; common in children; seen in heart, legs & extremities
Term
Hydatidiform mole
Definition
benign neoplasm of chorionic villi in placenta; look like a bunch of grapes; called a molar pregnancy
Term
Melananocytic nevus
Definition
benign tumor of melanocytes (birth marks, freckles, moles)
Term
Pleomorphic adenoma
Definition
Mixed tumor, benign tumor of salivary gland; has 2 different morphologic patterns but derived from same germ layer
Term
Teratoma
Definition
arise from totipotent cell, common in the gonads & midline tissue
Term
Immature teratoma
Definition
malignant teratoma
Term
Mature Teratoma
Definition
benign teratoma
Term
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Definition
Malignant epithelial neoplasm arising from squamous epithelium; characteristic: keratin pearls; seen in lung, skin, cervix, and esophagous
Term
Adenocarcinoma
Definition
malignant epithelial neoplasm from glands; lung, colon, stomach, endometrium
Term
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Definition
malignant epithelial neoplasm that arise from transitional epithelium; commonly seen in urinary bladder
Term
Liposarcoma
Definition
malignant mesenchymal tumor of adipose tissue
Term
Fibrosarcoma
Definition
malignant mesenchymal tumor of fibrous tussue
Term
Chondrosarcoma
Definition
malignant mesenchymal tumor of cartilage
Term
Osteosarcoma
Definition
malignant mesenchymal tumor of bone; seen in adolescent males; common site is the knee
Term
Angiosarcoma
Definition
malignant mesenchymal tumor of the blood vessels
Term
Leiomyosarcoma
Definition
malignant mesenchymal tumor of smooth muscle
Term
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Definition
malignant mesenchymal tumor of striated muscle
Term
Mesothelioma
Definition
malignant tumor of mesothelial lining; significant in asbestos exposure
Term
Choristoma
Definition
normal tissue misplaced within another organ; ex: meckels diverticulum (gastric tissue in sm intestine)
Term
Hamartoma
Definition
non-neoplastic overgrowth of disorganized tissue
Term
anaplasia
Definition
loss of differentiation
Term
dysplasia
Definition
abnormal growth; precursor to malignancy; loss of uniformity & architectural orientation
Term
carcinoma in situ
Definition
dysplastic cells that involve the entire epithelial thickness, but do not penetrate the basement membrane
Term
differentiation
Definition
extent to which neoplastic parenchymla cell resembles a comparable normal cell functionally and morphologically
Term
pleomorphism
Definition
variation in size and shape
Term
hyperchromasia
Definition
increased DNA - cells look dark
Term
most common benign tumor of breast
Definition
fibroadenoma
Term
usual mechanism for the spread of carcinoma
Definition
lymph
Term
usual mechanism for the spread of sarcoma
Definition
blood
Term
Grade of cancer
Definition
determined by the degree of differentiation & number of mitoses; 1 is well differentiated, 4 is poorly differentiated
Term
Stage of the tumor
Definition
determines the extent of the spread; TNM classification: Tumor size, spread to lymph Nodes, and presence/absence of Metastases
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